一种提取刺槐叶片DNA的有效方法

以刺槐叶片为材料,摸索出了一套改良的SDS法。与传统方法相比,该方法DNA收取量大,操作简单、纯度高、完整性好,适用于遗传工程的DNA制备。     

广东省水鹿的分布格局与保护对策*

水鹿（Cervus equinus）保护及其生境的规划需要明确其在不同空间尺度的分布格局而采取相对应的措施。该文基于实地调查和文献资料分析,研究了广东省水鹿在省级和保护区级两种空间尺度下不同生态功能区的分布格局。结果表明,在广东省,水鹿主要分布于南岭中亚热带常绿阔叶林生物多样性保护与水源涵养生态区,其分布区域属省级生态功能区,生境质量较好,保护地位重要;在车八岭国家级自然保护区,水鹿多活动于人为干扰大的缓冲区与实验区,保护程度有待提高。建议以自然保护区为节点基础,开展就地保护;在条件较好的保护区之间建设大型生态廊道,增加破碎化生境的连通性,加强水鹿个体交流;同时应在保护区实施“全区覆盖”式管理,特别是在缓冲区和实验区严格控制人为干扰,加强对水鹿及其生境的巡护管理。     

低温驯化对南方小花蝽冷藏的影响

为探讨低温驯化对南方小花蝽雌成虫冷藏的影响,在室内15℃下饲养7 d作为低温驯化处理,研究了驯化后与未驯化的南方小花蝽雌成虫分别在4、6和10℃下冷藏其寿命、存活率和致死中时间（LT₅₀）的异同。结果表明,无论是否进行低温驯化,南方小花蝽雌成虫的寿命都显著大于对照（25℃下饲养）。在10℃冷藏条件下,是否经过低温驯化对南方小花蝽雌成虫寿命没有明显影响,但在4℃和6℃条件下,低温驯化能明显延长雌成虫的寿命,分别延长了80.7%和83.7%。南方小花蝽雌成虫存活率均随冷藏时间的延长而下降,在同一低温冷藏温度下经低温驯化处理的南方小花蝽存活率比未驯化的高。经低温驯化的南方小花蝽雌成虫在4、6和10℃冷藏时,其LT₅₀分别比未经驯化的延长了30.0%、57.8%和40.4%。以上结果表明南方小花蝽的寿命具有可塑性,低温驯化有利于南方小花蝽的冷藏,6℃可作为南方小花蝽长期储藏的温度。     

Resistance screening of breeding lines and commercial tomato cultivars for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne incognita</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">M. javanica</Emphasis> populations (Nematoda) from Ethiopia

Soil and root samples were collected from major tomato growing areas of Ethiopia during the 2012/2013 growing season to identify root-knot nematode problems. DNA-based and isozyme techniques revealed that Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica were the predominant Meloidogyne species across the sampled areas. The aggressiveness of different populations of these species was assessed on tomato cultivars Marmande and Moneymaker. The two most aggressive populations of each species were selected and further tested on 33 tomato genotypes. The resistance screening and mechanism of resistance was performed after inoculation with 100 freshly hatched (<24 h) second-stage juveniles (J2). Eight weeks after inoculation the number of egg masses produced on each cultivar was assessed. For the resistance mechanism study, J2 penetration and their subsequent development inside the tomato roots were examined at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation. On both cultivars Marmande and Moneymaker all M. incognita and M. javanica populations formed a high number of egg masses indicating highly aggressive behaviour. Populations from ‘Jittu’ and ‘Babile’ for M. incognita and ‘Jittu’ and ‘Koka’ for M. javanica were selected as most aggressive. None of the 33 tomato genotypes were immune for these M. incognita and M. javanica populations. However, several tomato genotypes were found to have a significant effect on the number of egg masses produced indicating possible resistance. For M. javanica populations there were more plants from cultivars or breeding lines on which no egg masses were found compared to M. incognita populations. The lowest number of egg masses for both populations of M. incognita was produced on cultivars Bridget40, Galilea, and Irma while for M. javanica it was on Assila, Eden, Galilea, Tisey, CLN-2366A, CLN-2366B and CLN-2366C. Tomato genotypes, time (weeks after inoculation) and their interaction were significant sources of variation for J2 penetration and their subsequent development inside the tomato roots. Differential penetration was found in breeding lines such as CLN-2366A, CLN-2366B and CLN-2366C, but many of the selected tomato genotypes resistance for the tested M. incognita and M. javanica populations were expressed by delayed nematode development. Therefore, developing a simple screening technique to be used by local farmers or extension workers is crucial to facilitate selection of a suitable cultivar.     

昆虫滞育诱导中的温周期效应

温周期是指每日的温度循环,它由夜间温度(或低温期)和白天温度(或温期)组成。在全暗条件下,温周期本身通过低温持续期、温周期反应阈值、温周期幅度决定昆虫的滞育发生。在光周期条件下,温周期与光周期的配合方式、温周期幅度会影响昆虫滞育诱导;在有些昆虫中,温周期诱导的滞育个体比恒温诱导的滞育个体表现出更深的滞育强度。     

温度对西花蓟马生长发育的影响

西花蓟马为进境地植物检疫潜在性害虫。为了防治该入侵害虫的危害,在19℃、22℃、25℃、28℃和31℃5个恒温条件下,研究了西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)取食四季豆时各虫态的发育历期和存活率,并计算了其发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明:西花蓟马各虫态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短;发育历期与温度之间的关系为直线关系;19~28℃各虫态的存活率均为100%,在31℃时存活率只有60%;卵、一龄幼虫、二龄幼虫、预蛹、蛹的发育起点温度分别为14.2℃、14.8℃、5.3℃、12.7℃、6.7℃,其有效积温分别为28.5、23.5、77.7、14.6、40.7日度;未成熟期的的发育起点温度为10.7℃,有效积温为177.4日度。     

烟草甲的防治研究进展

烟草甲(Lasioderma serricorne)为世界性的储烟害虫,本文综述了应用化学防治、生物防治、物理防治和综合防治技术控制烟草甲的研究现状及动态.     

三种叶蝉触角化感器扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电子显微镜对黑尾叶蝉Nephotettix cincticeps(Uhler)、甘蔗叶蝉Exitianus indicus(Distant)和尼氏铲头叶蝉Hecalus nitobei(Matsumura)3种叶蝉昆虫成虫触角感器进行了观察。结果表明,3种叶蝉触角上有1种毛形感器、1种鳞形感器,其感器数量和分布在雌雄两性个体间相似。     

添加蜂蜜水对南方小花蝽生长发育和繁殖的影响

为更好地繁殖天敌昆虫南方小花蝽,用西花蓟马同时添加蜂蜜水对其进行饲养,研究蜂蜜水对南方小花蝽生长发育、存活寿命和繁殖等方面的影响.结果表明,添加蜂蜜水处理的南方小花蝽的若虫发育历期、成虫获得率与对照没有显著性差异.但添加蜂蜜水可显著提高南方小花蝽雌成虫寿命和产卵量,雌成虫寿命从16.87 d延长到23.00 d,产卵量从104.47粒增加到150.25粒.说明,蜂蜜水对南方小花蝽的寿命和产卵量有一定的促进作用,可作为大量繁殖时的补充饲料.     

Sub-Lethal Effects of Fenvalerate on the Development,Fecundity, and Juvenile Hormone Esterase Activity of Diamondback Moth,Plutella xylostella （L.）

The toxicities of fenvalerate （20% EC） to the 3rd instar larvae of diamondback moth （DBM）, Plutella xylostella （L.）, reared on three host plants viz., radish, oilseed rape, and cabbage were tested. The LC50 values of fenvalerate to the 3rd instar larvae of DBM varied with host plants, however, there wasn＇t any significant difference among them （P〉 0.05）. Similarly, DBM fed on three host plants had same pupal weight, pupal period, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, female ratio, and fecundity. The activity of juvenile hormone esterase （JHE, EC 3.1.1.1） in the 3rd instar larvae of DMB did not significantly vary with host plants, either. These suggested that DBM had similar fitness on the three host plant species. When fed on the host plants pretreated with fenvalerate at the concentrations equivalent to LC20, LC50 and LC50, the pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, female ratio, fecundity, and JHE activity of the tested insects were declined as compared with insects in control treatments fed on the same host plant species. Furthermore, the pupal period of the tested insects was extended after fenvalerate treatment. The decrease in JHE activity after fenvalerate treatment in the tested insects could partly explain the changes in the mentioned growth parameters. Whether the role of fenvalerate in the inhibition of JHE activity could serve as a new way to control DBM needs further investigation.