基于主成分分析的湖北省洪涝灾害风险评估模型构建

湖北省历年由洪涝灾害造成农作物受损严重,对湖北省进行洪涝风险评估十分必要。本文提出了一种定量化风险评估的模型建立方法,通过多源数据（气象、社会经济、地理特征等数据）提取到15个指标,采取主成分分析法确定各因子对于洪涝灾害的影响权重,建立风险评估模型,并运用地理信息系统(GIS)分析技术得出洪涝灾害风险区划图。在现有评估指标体系的基础上,通过网络爬虫方式获取更能反映防减灾能力的灾害应急指标;采用主成分分析方法降低模型建立中的主观因素。结果表明：（1）通过模型得到降雨与地势为湖北省洪灾发生的最主要因素;（2）湖北省中东部地区多为高风险区,其中东部武汉、黄石等长江干流途经地区处于重风险区;西南部多为中风险区,西北部在全省为低风险区。综上,该模型可为湖北省开展综合减灾、调整区域可持续发展结构、进行准确农情监测提供科学支撑和决策依据,具有重要的科学和实践意义。     

近15年南京都市圈区域绿地变化研究

以2003-2017年时间段为例,基于Landsat遥感影像,提取2003、2008、2013年和2017年4期区域绿地斑块,利用动态度、景观指数以及变化程度等方法,从规模与格局的角度对南京都市圈区域绿地的变化特征进行分析,并利用logistic回归模型对影响区域绿地变化的驱动因素进行估算。结果表明:1)2003-2017年,区域绿地面积不断减少,由2003年的6 090.33 km²减少至2017年的5 577.92 km²。其中2008年前,区域绿地规模变化较大,动态度为-1.55%,2008年后规模减速放缓,动态度为-0.09%;2)研究期内,区域绿地面积减少率位于70%~100%区间的单元数呈递减趋势,粗放式的区域绿地开发得到控制,但区域绿地总体稳定性不断下降。区域绿地面积增长率主要位于0~30%,面积总体增幅较小,增长率≥100%的单元分布离散,并呈现由山体周边向山体内部、沿江沿河处转移的特征;3)区域绿地的斑块密度、形状指数不断增加,斑块大小中位数、连接度以及聚集度总体下降。区域绿地在斑块特征上呈现小型化、破碎化,在空间分布上趋于离散的特征;4)高程、第二产业占比、公路里程等因素是影响南京都市圈区域绿地演变的重要驱动力。     

Paeoniflorin attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms by which paeoniflorin (Pae) attenuates lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice. METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control,LPS, Pae+LPS, and Pae. Mice were administered intragastrically with double distilled water or Pae (20 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days. One hour after intragastrical treatment on the third day, LPS (20 mg/kg) or normal saline was injected intraperitoneally. Twelve hours after LPS challenge, the histological changes of the lung were observed, and histology score was also assessed. The myeloperoxidase (MPO),cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) and phosphorylated cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (phospho-cPLA₂) in lung tissues were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: LPS challenge resulted in acute lung injury, activated cPLA₂ and increased MPO content in lung. Pretreatment with paeoniflorin significantly attenuated lung injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The levels of MPO and phospho-cPLA₂ in the lung tissues of the mice in Pae+LPS group were lower than those in LPS group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with paeoniflorin remarkably reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting phosphorylation of cPLA₂ and decreasing neutrophil infiltration in the lung. These findings provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of LPS-induced acute lung injury.     

Influence of the excision of cardiac sympathetic nerves on QT dispersion

AIM: To observe and study the influence of cardiac sympathetic nerve on QT dispersion (QTd) and the circadian variations of QTd in experimental rabbits. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into experimental group (without cardiac sympathetic control by operation) and control group (with retained cardiac sympathetic control by operation, sham operation). QTd of both groups were measured and compared before and after the operation. The circadian variations of QTd were also observed in both groups. RESULTS: QTd in experimental group decreased significantly after the cardiac sympathetic nerves were excised (P＜0.05), while QTd in control group had little change. QTd in experimental group was always lower than the QTd in control group after operation.A circadian variation of QTd was showed in control group but experimental group did not. CONCLUSION: The activity of cardiac sympathetic nerve plays an important role in the production of QTd.     

澜沧江流域卫星产品降尺度与融合方法

卫星降水产品具有覆盖范围广、更适用于无资料区域的优势,但分辨率较低、精度不足,为获取高时空分辨率、高精度的降水数据,需对卫星产品进行降尺度,并与地面观测数据融合,以提高数据质量。以澜沧江流域为例,在综合考虑地形、地理和植被等要素的基础上,建立地理加权回归（geographic weighted regression,GWR）模型对热带降雨测量卫星（tropical rainfall measurement mission,TRMM）和基于人工神经网络的遥感降水估计-气候数据记录（precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks-climate data record,PERSIANN-CDR）产品进行空间降尺度,再采用集合卡尔曼滤波算法,将地面气象站点经反距离加权插值法（inverse distance weighted,IDW）插值后的数据作为融合算法观测值,对降尺度后的TRMM、PERSIANN-CDR数据进行融合,以进一步提高降水数据精度。结果表明：...     

Establishment of human pancreatic tumor xenograft mouse model for evaluating tumor-homing and gene-silencing effects of siRNA-loading nanoparticles

AIM：To establish an effective and rapid method to develop transplanted subcutaneous pancreatic carcinoma by inducing PANC-1 cells into nude mice, and then use this mouse model to evaluate the tumor-homing and gene-silencing effects of siRNA-loading nanoparticles in vivo. METHODS：Different numbers of PANC-1 cells in 100 μL or 300 μL PBS were inoculated subcutaneously into the right flank of BALB/c (nu/nu) mice. When the tumor volume reached 100 mm3, siRNACY5.5 nanoparticles were injected through the mouse tail vein to perform in vivo imaging assay. Besides, the mice were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups treated with PBS, scrambled control RNA nanoparticles and siKras nanoparticles, respectively. The protein expression of Kras was detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS：After inoculated with 1×107 PANC-1 cells in 300 μL PBS, all mice developed tumors within 2 weeks. The in vivo results showed that siRNA-loading nanoparticles accumulated in the tumor tissues and exerted gene silencing effect. CONCLUSION:In the present study, an effective and rapid method was established for PANC-1 cells to induce transplanted subcutaneous pancreatic carcinoma in nude mice within 2 weeks, which is suitable for in vivo imaging and treatment evaluations as a reproducible and reliable way for the further experiments.     

Decellularized porcine corneal posterior lamellae as carrier matrix for cultivating human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

AIM：To investigate the feasibility of corneal posterior lamellar reconstruction with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and porcine cornea acellular matrix in vitro, and to observe the physiological function of the transplantation in vivo. METHODS：HUVECs were isolated, cultured, and labeled with fluorescent dye CM-DiI. Porcine corneas were treated with 100% glycerinum, cut to a thinner structure step by step, and dried on the super-clean bench. Transmission electron microscope were used to observe the histological changes of the porcine cornea acellular matrix. Labeled HUVECs were seeded onto the porcine cornea acellular matrix, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. When the HUVECs and Descemets membrane fusion formed a monolayer, the corneal transplantation in rabbits was performed. Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group (n=12 each), and their left eyes served as recipients. RESULTS：Cultured HUVECs exhibited polygonal shape. More than 90% HUVECs were labeled with CM-DiI and the cell membrane was positive with red fluorescence, which was detectable at least up to 3 generations. The histological examination indicated that porcine cornea cells were clearly extracted, and the collagen fibers were well arranged. A continuous monolayer of HUVECs on the porcine cornea acellular matrix was observed under scanning electron microscopy. The reconstructed corneal posterior lamellae were similar to the normal cornea. The observation of transplantation showed that the cornea in experimental group was substantially transparent. However, that in control group was oedematous and adiaphanous. CONCLUSION：Corneal posterior lamellae can be reconstructed in vitro by cultivating HUVECs on porcine cornea acellular matrix. After xenogeneic transplantation, the graft survives in vivo and expresses normal corneal endothelial cell biological functions. Deep lamellar corneal endothelial transplantation is an effective keratoplasty.     

结球甘蓝耐裂球性状遗传分析

 以结球甘蓝‘79-156’和‘96-100’为亲本配制的6 个联合世代（P1、P2、F1、B1、B2、F2）群体为试材,采用主基因+ 多基因混合遗传模型对耐裂球性状进行了遗传分析。两年结果均表明,耐裂球性状的最适遗传模型为E-0 模型,即两对加性–显性–上位性主基因+ 加性–显性–上位性多基因控制。两对主基因均以加性效应为主,且存在明显的互作效应。2010 年该组合B1、B2、F2 分离群体的主基因遗传率分别为67.3%、1.4%和59.1%,多基因遗传率分别为0、56.2%和0,遗传变异平均值占表型变异的60.9%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的39.1%;2011 年该组合B1、B2、F2 分离群体的主基因遗传率分别为85.5%、22.3%和84%,多基因遗传率分别为0、24.3%和0,遗传变异平均值占表型变异的63.9%,环境变异平均值占表型变异的36.1%。表明该性状以主基因遗传为主,同时受环境影响较大,应在早期世代进行选择,B1、F2 主基因选择效率较高     

利用无瓣海桑控制入侵种互花米草的初步研究

禾本科草本植物互花米草(Spartina alterniflora Loisel.),原产北美洲中纬度海岸潮间带)由于对潮间带生境的适应性特征而具有较宽的生态幅,现已严重入侵了世界许多河口和海湾,包括我国整个大陆沿海的潮间带[1-3],尤其对我国南方沿海红树林的更新繁殖、潮间带物种多样性、河道畅通以及滩涂养殖业等带来严重的负面影响[4-5],单在经济上,每年给广东、福建沿海养殖业带来的损失可达数亿至数十亿元人民币[6].互花米草已被公认为危害最严重的全球性入侵杂草之一[2].     

Effect of rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids on osteogenesis in cultured bone masenchymal stem cells

AIM: To explore the effects of total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae on osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by intervening rat BMSCs with osteogenesis differentiated induction in certain conditions in vitro. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated and purified by the whole marrow culture method, and identified by flow cytometry. BMSCs were treated with different concentrations of total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was quantitatively detected at 7th and 14th day after intervention by ALP and mineralized nodules straining methods. RESULTS: Uniform and stable BMSCs were separated successfully by the whole marrow culture method. After intervention for 7 days and 14 days, the different concentrations of total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae manifested different expression levels of ALP. BMSCs induced by rhizoma drynariae total flavonoids at dose of 10-5 g/L were all positive with ALP and mineralized nodules straining methods. CONCLUSION: Total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae at lower concentration promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. The expression of ALP exhibits a gradually increased tendency accompanied with a decrease in the concentration of total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae.