Cardiopulmonary effects and recovery characteristics of horses anesthetized with xylazine–ketamine with midazolam or propofol

Objective

To evaluate cardiopulmonary and recovery characteristics of horses administered total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with xylazine and ketamine combined with midazolam or propofol.

Expression of Occludin in Testis and Epididymis of Wild Rabbits, Lepus sinensis coreanus

Tight junctions (TJs) in inter-Sertoli junctional areas and epididymal epithelia build up the blood–testis barrier (BTB) and the blood–epididymal barrier (BEB), respectively. In this study, the expression of occludin, an integral member of the TJs, was examined in testis and different regions of epididymis of Lepus sinensis coreanus , an Korean wild rabbit species. In testis, intense occludin immunoreactivity was found in the basally located inter-Sertoli junctional area together with diffused immunoreactivity of occludin in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. It can be suggested that occludin is one of the robust elements of BTB in seminiferous tubules of rabbit testis. In proximal and distal caput epididymis, occludin immunoreactivity was found in the lateral as well as apical contacts of epithelial cells. In corpus epididymis, intense occludin immunoreactivity was found in the basolateral as well as apical contacts of epithelial cells together with cytoplasmic signal. In cauda epididymis, occludin immunoreactivity in luminal epithelia was relatively strong but largely found in the cytoplasm. This suggests that intriguing regulatory mechanisms differentially recruit occludin to the TJ in the different regions of epididymal epithelia. The differences in the subcellular localization as well as expression levels of occludin among the epididymal segments may reflect differential paracellular permeability of epithelia along the epididymal tubules and be correlated with sperm maturation in rabbit. In Western blot, a major form of occludin was MW 62 kDa together with small fragments of MW 34–39 kDa in testis and epididymis, suggesting the peptide cleavage of occludin. This is the first report on the molecular nature of TJs in a wild rabbit testis and epididymis.     

Temporal distribution of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis concinna in Hungary

A survey was carried out over a 4-year period to describe the temporal distribution of three 'anthropophilic' tick species, Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis concinna in Hungary. Altogether 4658 adult ticks belonging to the three species were collected from 1931 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed in an area of about 70,000 km(2) representing all major climatic areas of the country. The seasonal activity of the three species was different. I. ricinus ticks were most active between April and June with an activity peak in May. A less marked increase of activity was also observed in September and October. The highest activity of D. reticulatus ticks was seen between September and November with an activity peak in October, nevertheless, a marked increase of activity could also be observed in April. Small number of I. ricinus and D. reticulatus were collected in all other months. H. concinna ticks were active from May to July with an activity peak in June and completely disappeared between October and March. The temporal distribution of the three tick species might be used for predictions on the seasonality of tick-borne diseases in Hungary.     

A comparison of the pathogenicity of two strains of hog cholera virus: 2. Virological studies

Quantitative and qualitative differences were demonstrated in the amount of virus in a range of tissues from pigs infected with either the Weybridge or New South Wales (NSW) strains of hog cholera (HC) virus. The titre of the Weybridge strain in samples, as assessed by either virus titration in cell culture or by the density of specific fluorescing cells in tissue sections, was higher than that for the NSW strain. This correlated with the greater severity of the clinico-pathological syndrome induced by the Weybridge strain. The implications of the differences in the virus content of tissues in the diagnosis of HC is discussed as is the use of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate HC and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses.     

Effect of pasteurized egg yolk on the quality of cryopreserved boar semen

Egg yolk (EY, control) is an essential ingredient of diluents for boar semen cryopreservation. Pasteurized egg yolk (PEY) reduces hygienic risks in processing and is easier to standardize. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of PEY (treatment) on frozen-thawed boar semen. In a split-sample approach (n = 13 boars), it could be shown that there is neither an influence (p > .05) on post-thawing motility (PTM: 5, 30 and 120 min) nor on morphologically intact sperm, percentage of acrosome defects and membrane fluidity using a PEY extender compared to the control. Mitochondrial activity (p = .043), membrane integrity (p = .015) and PTM 300 min (p = .023) were slightly affected in the treatment group. Overall, sperm quality was at a high level in both experimental groups. Further studies are needed to determine the impact of PEY on the fertilizing capacity of boar ejaculates.     

Prevalence of trypanosomiasis in cattle in South-West Zambia

Summary A trypanosomiasis survey was conducted in South-West Zambia. From a total of 3,346 cattle sampled 342 cattle showed a positive trypanosomiasis parasitaemia. During the survey trypanosome species and PCV values were also recorded. With simple statistical analysis populations with higher and lower prevalence rates were differentiated. The results indicated that the Kwando River Basin Tsetse Fly Belt and the Kafue River Basin Tsetse Fly Belt infested a larger area than originally assumed and that a link-up between both belts occurred or will occur in the near future.

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Prevalencia De Tripanosomiasis En Ganado En El Sudoccidente De Zambia

Resumen Se llevó a cabo una encuesta sobre la prevalencia de tripanosomiasis en el Sudoccidente de Zambia. De 3.346 animales examinados, 342 mostraron parasitémia. Durante le encuesta, se diferenciaron las especies de tripanosomas encontrados y se estimaron los hematocritos. Se diferenciaron también, mediante análisis estadísticos sensillos, las poblaciones de gando con tasas de prevalencia mayores y menores. Los resultados indican, que la cuenca del río Kwando y la del río Kafue, en donde existe la mosca tsetse, tienen una influencia mayor sobre la prevalencia de la enfermedad, que lo que originalmente se pensó y que la unión de las dos hoyas se producirá en un futuro cercano.

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Prevalence De La Trypanosomose Bovine En Zambie Du Sud-Ouest

Résumé Une enquête sur la trypanosomose a été conduite dans le sud-ouest de la zambie. Sur un total de 3346 bovins examinés, 342 ont montré une parasitémie à trypanosomes. Au cours de cette enquête, on a noté les espèces de trypanosomes et les valeurs de l'hématocrite. On a pu différencier, par une méthode statistique simple, les populations à haute et basse prévalence. Les résultats indiquent que les ceintures glossiniennes des bassins, des rivières Kwando et Kafue étaient plus étendues qu'on ne le pensait antérieurement, et qu'une liaison entre les deux ceintures se produisait ou se produirait dans le futur proche.

     

An evaluation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity test for diagnosing brucellosis in individual cattle: a field study

A field study was conducted to evaluate the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) test in diagnosing brucellosis in cattle, in particular the diagnosis of infection in individual cows. A total of 93 cows that were negative, suspect, or positive to the serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT), or the milk ring test (MRT) were subjected to the DTH test. The cows were then slaughtered and the supramammary lymph nodes were collected for bacteriologic examination. In 989 cows the DTH test, MRT and serologic tests were negative. When the DTH test results were compared with bacteriologic results, 12 of the 93 cows with CFT titres greater than 1:200 tested negative in the DTH test while bacteriologic results were positive. The sensitivity of the DTH test (calculated on the remaining 81 cows) was 100%; the specificity was 83%. The sensitivity of the DTH test (calculated on 93 cows) was 81%; the specificity was 83%. The sensitivity and specificity of the DTH test correlated well with those of the CFT (86-83%). We conclude that the DTH test is very sensitive, and specific enough to diagnose brucellosis in individual cows. The DTH test should be used in combination with serologic tests in the diagnosis of brucellosis.