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91.
E.?A.?CatchpoleEmail author Y.?Fan B.?J.?T.?Morgan T.?H.?Clutton-Brock T.?Coulson 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2004,9(1):1-26
A detailed and extensive mark-recapture-recovery study of red deer on the island of Rum forms the basis of the modeling of
this article. We analyze male and female deer separately, and report results for both in this article, but use the female
data to demonstrate our modeling approach. We provide a model-selection procedure that allows us to describe the survival
by a combination of age-classes, with common survival within each class, and senility, which is modeled continuously as a
parametric function of age. Dispersal out of the study area is modeled separately. Survival and dispersal probabilities are
examined for the possible influence of both environmental and individual covariates, including a range of alternative measures
of population density. The resulting model is succinct and biologically realistic. We compare and contrast survival rates
of male and female deer of different ages and compare the factors that affect their survival. We demonstrate large differences
in the rate of senescence between males and females even though their senescence begins at the same age. The differences between
the sexes suggest that, in population modeling of sexually size-dimorphic species, it is important to identify sex-specific
survival functions. 相似文献
92.
Horvatovich P Miesch M Hasselmann C Delincée H Marchioni E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5836-5841
The 2-alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) are formed from triglycerides by irradiation treatment and may be used as markers for this type of food processing. This paper describes a detection method for the analysis of monounsaturated alkyl side chain 2-ACBs, which is formed upon irradiation from monounsaturated fatty acids which frequently are the most abundant fatty acids in foods. The estimated radioproduction yields of the cis-2-(dodec-5'-enyl)-cyclobutanones (cis-2-dDeCB) and the cis-2-(tetradec-5'-enyl)-cyclobutanones (cis-2-tDeCB) were 1.0 +/- 0.5 and 0.9 +/- 0.2 nmol.mmol(-1) precursor fatty acid.kGy(-1), respectively, being similar to that of saturated 2-ACBs. The stability study of the s- and mu-2-ACBs in poultry meat samples irradiated at 10 kGy and stored for 3-4 weeks at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C showed that these compounds undergo some transformation, their amounts being reduced by about 50%. These storage losses did not depend on the saturation state of the alkyl side chain. The EI-MS detection limit of 2-tDeCB is 3 times higher (0.6 pmol) than that of 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (0.2 pmol). Consequently, when the oleic acid content of the analyzed food exceeds the content of palmitic acid by a factor of 3, it would be of an advantage to apply 2-tDeCB as a marker for detection of the irradiation treatment. 相似文献
93.
94.
本文对β-兴奋剂的化学结构、作用机理、应用情况、检测方法以及使用不当 可能产生的负作用和毒性估计作了比较详尽的综述. 相似文献
95.
果树2n配子育种较其他植物起步晚,尤其是利用2n花粉进行育种的研究在柑橘上还无先例。试验中初步观察了柑橘属部分品种的2n花粉自然发生情况,证实了柑橘属内未减数花粉的存在。同时通过秋水仙碱不同浓度与作用时间处理促进了柑橘2n花粉的发生,将长寿沙田柚2n花粉发生比例由当年的自然发生率0.87%提高到9.76%。初步观察了2n花粉离体萌发状况,其萌发率与花粉管伸长速度较为正常,但萌发启动比单倍性花粉慢。 相似文献
96.
97.
The structure of the first coordination shell in liquid water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wernet P Nordlund D Bergmann U Cavalleri M Odelius M Ogasawara H Näslund LA Hirsch TK Ojamäe L Glatzel P Pettersson LG Nilsson A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5673):995-999
X-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray Raman scattering were used to probe the molecular arrangement in the first coordination shell of liquid water. The local structure is characterized by comparison with bulk and surface of ordinary hexagonal ice Ih and with calculated spectra. Most molecules in liquid water are in two hydrogen-bonded configurations with one strong donor and one strong acceptor hydrogen bond in contrast to the four hydrogen-bonded tetrahedral structure in ice. Upon heating from 25 degrees C to 90 degrees C, 5 to 10% of the molecules change from tetrahedral environments to two hydrogen-bonded configurations. Our findings are consistent with neutron and x-ray diffraction data, and combining the results sets a strong limit for possible local structure distributions in liquid water. Serious discrepancies with structures based on current molecular dynamics simulations are observed. 相似文献
98.
CaCl_2和6-BA处理对枣果呼吸强度及贮藏品质的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
研究了赞皇大枣和胜利枣采后在 0℃条件下呼吸强度和果实品质的变化规律以及采前 Ca Cl2 和 6 - BA处理对采后枣果呼吸强度和果实品质的影响。结果表明 ,赞皇大枣和胜利枣属于非跃变型果实 ;在贮藏过程中 V- C含量先积累后降低 ;采后果肉硬度逐渐下降且与贮藏时间呈极显著负相关 (r1 =- 0 .936 46 ,r2 =0 .936 2 4)。采前Ca Cl2 、6 - BA以及 Ca Cl2 +6 - BA处理 ,均能降低采后枣果的呼吸强度 ,但作用效果不显著。 1% Ca Cl2 和 1% Ca Cl2 +15 mg/ L 6 - BA处理能明显降低 V- C损失率 ,抑制果肉硬度和好果率的下降。 1% Ca Cl2 处理可使赞皇大枣和胜利枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度分别比对照增加 1.2 kg/ cm2 和 1.5 kg/ cm2 ,好果率分别增加 8.2 %和 5 .4% ;1% Ca Cl2 +15 m g/L 6 - BA处理可使赞皇大枣和胜利枣贮藏末期的果肉硬度分别增加 1.5 kg/ cm2和 2 .1kg/ cm2 ,好果率增加 17.8%和 11.7%。 15 m g/ L6 - BA处理对枣果的呼吸强度及果实品质有一定影响 ,但作用效果总体上不及 Ca Cl2 。 相似文献
99.
In vitro binding studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple opiate receptor types. An additional site in the rat brain (termed the lambda site) is distinct from the established types by its selectivity for 4,5-epoxymorphinans (such as naloxone and morphine). While the lambda site displays a high affinity for naloxone in vivo and in vitro in fresh brain membrane homogenates, these sites rapidly convert in vitro to a state of low affinity. The regional distribution of the lambda site in the brain is strikingly different from that of the classic opiate receptor types. 相似文献
100.
Peer reviews of 84 organic farming grant applications from Sweden were analyzed to determine whether the reviewers’ affiliation to one of two types of agriculture (i.e., organic and conventional) influenced their reviews. Fifteen reviewers were divided into three groups: (1) scientists with experience in organic farming research; (2) scientists with no experience in organic farming research; and (3) users of organic farming research. The two groups of scientists assessed the societal relevance and scientific quality of the grant applications based on three criteria (i.e., presentation, methodology, qualifications), whereas the user group only assessed societal relevance. The analysis showed that the two groups of scientists provided very different reviews. Scientist reviewers with experience in organic farming research agreed more with the user group on research relevance than did scientist reviewers without such experience, and the assessment of relevance was closely correlated to the assessment of scientific quality within both scientific groups. As both scientific groups did not clearly distinguish between societal relevance and scientific quality, the idea of an objective science is challenged. The contextual values associated with the norms of good agriculture were not clearly distinguished from the constitutive values of science associated with the traditional norms of good science. This raises the question of whether organic and conventional grant applications should be mixed for review regardless of the reviewers. 相似文献