An opiate binding site in the rat brain is highly selective for 4,5-epoxymorphinans

In vitro binding studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple opiate receptor types. An additional site in the rat brain (termed the lambda site) is distinct from the established types by its selectivity for 4,5-epoxymorphinans (such as naloxone and morphine). While the lambda site displays a high affinity for naloxone in vivo and in vitro in fresh brain membrane homogenates, these sites rapidly convert in vitro to a state of low affinity. The regional distribution of the lambda site in the brain is strikingly different from that of the classic opiate receptor types.     

Bias in Peer Review of Organic Farming Grant Applications

Peer reviews of 84 organic farming grant applications from Sweden were analyzed to determine whether the reviewers’ affiliation to one of two types of agriculture (i.e., organic and conventional) influenced their reviews. Fifteen reviewers were divided into three groups: (1) scientists with experience in organic farming research; (2) scientists with no experience in organic farming research; and (3) users of organic farming research. The two groups of scientists assessed the societal relevance and scientific quality of the grant applications based on three criteria (i.e., presentation, methodology, qualifications), whereas the user group only assessed societal relevance. The analysis showed that the two groups of scientists provided very different reviews. Scientist reviewers with experience in organic farming research agreed more with the user group on research relevance than did scientist reviewers without such experience, and the assessment of relevance was closely correlated to the assessment of scientific quality within both scientific groups. As both scientific groups did not clearly distinguish between societal relevance and scientific quality, the idea of an objective science is challenged. The contextual values associated with the norms of good agriculture were not clearly distinguished from the constitutive values of science associated with the traditional norms of good science. This raises the question of whether organic and conventional grant applications should be mixed for review regardless of the reviewers.     

农业分析实验课考试办法及标准

根据农业分析实验课的特点及内容提出了考试的办法，考试和考核的积分情况，制定了评分的标准以及有关扣分的说明。     

Progression of vertebrate limb development through SHH-mediated counteraction of GLI3

Distal limb development and specification of digit identities in tetrapods are under the control of a mesenchymal organizer called the polarizing region. Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is the morphogenetic signal produced by the polarizing region in the posterior limb bud. Ectopic anterior SHH signaling induces digit duplications and has been suspected as a major cause underlying congenital malformations that result in digit polydactyly. Here, we report that the polydactyly of Gli3-deficient mice arises independently of SHH signaling. Disruption of one or both Gli3 alleles in mouse embryos lacking Shh progressively restores limb distal development and digit formation. Our genetic analysis indicates that SHH signaling counteracts GLI3-mediated repression of key regulator genes, cell survival, and distal progression of limb bud development.     

镉在土壤中释放的动力学特征研究

采用间歇法研究了镉在不同土壤中释放的动力学特征。结果表明 ,酸性土壤镉释放速率大于石灰性土壤 ;随温度升高 ,石灰性土壤镉平均释放速率下降 ,而酸性土壤镉平均释放速率增加 ;不同温度下土壤镉释放速率 V与时间 t最优模型为 ln V=A+ Bt;不同土壤镉释放量 S与时间 t的较优模型为 ln S=A+ k/ t     

Mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia elucidated by in situ on-line fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The selective catalytic reduction reaction of nitric oxide bv ammonia over vanadia-titania catalysts is one of the methods of removing NOx pollution. In the present study, it has been possible to identify the reaction mechanism and the nature of the active sites in these catalysts by combining transient or steady-state in situ (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) experiments directly with on-line activity studies. The results suggest a catalytic cycle that consists of both acid and redox reactions and involves both surface V-OH (Br?nsted acid sites) and V=O species. A fundamental microkinetic model is proposed, which accounts for the observed industrial kinetics performance.     

Microinjection of a conserved peptide sequence of p34cdc2 induces a Ca2+ transient in oocytes

The product of the yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2, and its homologs in higher eukaryotes (p34cdc2), all contain a perfectly conserved sequence of 16 amino acids that has not been found in any other protein sequence. Microinjection of this peptide triggers a specific increase in the concentration of intracellular free Ca2+ that originates from intracellular stores in both starfish and Xenopus oocytes. Thus, p34cdc2 might interact through its conserved peptide domain with some component of the Ca2(+)-regulatory system.     

兽药新制剂促反刍LD50和安全性试验

对兽药新制剂促反刍注射液(CFC)进行了急性毒性试验、局部刺激试验和过敏性试验。用90只小白鼠按点斜法试验设计,以剂间比为1:0.8的7个剂量组测得CFC腹腔注射的LD_(50)为35.05mL/kg,95％置信区为31.2～39.39 mL/kg,相当于制剂主药总量5054～6389mg/g符合化学物质分级低毒级标准。证明CFC为低毒药物,无过敏性,比较安全。因此有轻度刺激性,适于静脉注射。     

含有融合标记基因和LoxP／FRT位点的植物表达载体构建及应用

本研究利用化学合成法合成了包含pCAMBIA0390左右边界T-DNA和LoxP／FRT（LF）位点的DNA片段Ⅰ,利用SacⅡ和SphⅠ酶切位点,去除了pCAMBIA0390左右边界T—DNA和多克隆位点之间的序列,然后连接DNA片段Ⅰ和载体片段,构建了植物表达载体pGM323-LF-enTP。随后,再合成含有适合在单予叶植物中表达的由玉米Ubi-1启动子驱动的融合标记基因（Bar：：gus）和水稻actin-1启动子驱动的助抗虫蛋白基因（Cry1A6）表达元件的DNA片段Ⅳ,在pGM323～LF—enTP的基础上,利用5以Ⅰ和PstⅠ位点构建了同时含有LF位点、Bar：：gus以及Cry1Ab基因表达元件的表达载体pGM626-LF—ABt。利用含有pGM626-LF—ABt的农杆菌遗传转化烟草和玉米,以草丁膦作为抗性筛选剂,非转化细胞得到了有效抑制,快速获得了转基W植株,利用GUS组织化学检测和RT—PCR分析了转基因植株中标记基因的表达,结果表明pGM626-LF—ABt可以用于农杆菌介导的单、双子叶植物遗传转化。本研究为培育安全抗虫转基因植物奠定了基础。