Efficiency of soil-applied 67Zn-enriched fertiliser across three consecutive crops

A very small amount of applied zinc (Zn) is taken up by crops, resulting in low recovery by plants. Adding elemental sulphur to zinc oxide (ZnO) fertiliser could improve Zn solubilisation and exert a higher residual effect on crops than soluble Zn sources. We produced an isotopically labelled Zn-elemental sulphur fertiliser and evaluated its performance in comparison to traditional Zn sources during sequential crop cultivation. Three ⁶⁷Zn-labelled fertilisers, ZnO, zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄), and ZnO co-granulated with elemental sulphur (ZnOS⁰), were soil applied, and their contributions to the uptake of Zn by three consecutive crops, wheat, ryegrass, and corn, were assessed in a 294-d pot experiment. The contributions of Zn fertilisers followed the order:ZnSO₄ > ZnO=ZnOS⁰. The relative contributions of Zn fertilisers were lower in the first crop than in the subsequent crops. The overall recovery of applied Zn by the three crops was higher for ZnSO₄ than for ZnO and ZnOS⁰, reaching 1.56%, 0.45%, and 0.33% of the applied Zn, respectively. Zinc recovery by plants was very low, regardless of the source of Zn. Adding elemental sulphur to ZnO did not increase its effectiveness up to 294 d after application. Fertiliser contribution was higher for the subsequent crops than for the initial crop, indicating the importance of assessing the residual effects of Zn fertilisers.     

盐碱土壤放线菌的研究概况

盐碱土壤放线菌是极端微生物的重要组成部分,也是一类极具应用前景的微生物资源.讨论了盐碱土壤放线菌的分离问题,并对其分类的发展与现状进行了概述,同时还就筛选抗生素高产菌株作了介绍.     

Bovine thyroglobulin gene polymorphisms and their association with sexual precocity in Guzerat bulls

Puberty is a stage of sexual development determined by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic mechanisms. Among them, thyroid function plays a key role in sexual development and spermatogenic function and is under the control of several genes, including the well‐described thyroglobulin gene (TG). Previous reports have shown genetic association between thyroid function and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in taurine cattle. Therefore, the identification of genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of this trait can assist with the selection for early pubertal bulls, thus improving genetic progress in livestock breeding. The aim of this study was to validate the association between TG SNPs and age at puberty in zebuine bulls. Three SNPs (rs110406764, rs109662686, rs109057985) were genotyped in 159 Guzerat animals using SEQUENOM technology. Results showed a significant association (p < .05) between the studied SNPs and puberty age, in agreement with our previous reports in a taurine breed. Interestingly, allele frequencies were different from those already reported, being GAT the most favourable allele for age at puberty in Guzerat (94.4 days lower). Overall, our findings corroborate previous reports and reinforce the importance of genetic influence in the regulation of sexual development and puberty through a thyroid pathway in zebuine cattle.     

液体地膜覆盖对棉花生理特性的影响

研究结果表明，液体地膜覆盖棉花根系伤流中游离氨基酸总量和无机磷含量明显增加，根系活力增强；叶片光化学特性得以改善，光合效率提高；发育的棉铃中转化酶活性增强，加速了光合产物向棉铃中运输的速度。     

土壤中重金属砷赋存形态和检测方法研究进展

探讨土壤中砷赋存形态和砷主要的化合物。介绍检测土壤中砷的方法,主要包括分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子荧光法、X射线荧光光谱法等国内常用的研究方法,以及核酸适配体法、联用技术等国外常用的研究方法,揭示了各种检测方法的原理和优缺点,并提出土壤中重金属砷的一些尚待研究的问题,对土壤中重金属砷的研究具有非常重要的意义。     

小麦秆锈菌新小种Ug99及其抗病育种研究进展(英文)

为帮助我国小麦研究人员全面了解秆锈菌新小种-Ug99 及其对我国小麦生产的潜在威胁,呼吁加强 Ug99 及其变异小种传播与扩散的监控,加强抗病种质创新和持久性耐病新品种选育,提前预防 Ug99 的危害。对 Ug99 小种变异、致病力、分布扩散以及小麦及其亲缘种属抗病基因发掘、连锁分子标记筛选,抗性育种策略与进展,中国 Ug99 研究现状进行了总结,由此不难看出,Ug99 是容易发生小种变异、毒力极强、扩展速度较快的秆锈菌新小种,极有可能对世界小麦生产带来的全球性危害。应该加强小麦及其亲缘种属新抗病基因的发掘与利用和持久性耐病新品种的培育,控制和预防 Ug99 及其变异小种的危害。     

牛BMP-15基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

BMP-15基因主要在哺乳动物卵巢中表达,对卵泡的发育和分化起重要作用,克隆了牛BMP-15成熟肽编码区的cDNA序列并进行序列分析,旨在为BMP-15在牛繁殖性能方面的进一步研究奠定理论基础。根据其他物种BMP-15基因的保守序列设计特异性引物,扩增牛的cDNA序列。从牛卵巢中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出牛BMP-15cDNA序列。将此片段克隆到PMD18-T载体中,经菌落PCR鉴定和DNA序列测定分析验证,证实所克隆序列BMP-15为骨形态发生蛋白,符合骨形态发生蛋白基因的特征。序列分析表明,该cDNA包含有1 185 bp组成的开放读码框(ORF),该ORF编码394个氨基酸,与绵羊、猪、人、小鼠等动物氨基酸序列比对发现同源性分别为98.5%,87.6%,74.0%,69.4%。     

母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠大脑bcl-2,Bax和c-fos mRNA表达的影响及NAC保护效应

 【目的】研究母鼠妊娠期铅镉联合暴露对新生鼠大脑bcl-2、Bax、c-fos mRNA表达的影响及N-乙酰半胱氨酸（N-Acetylcysteine, NAC）的保护作用。【方法】35只怀孕SD母鼠被随机分为7组,即A组为对照组（饮用蒸馏水）、B组为铅组（300 mg?L-1）、C组为铅+NAC组（300 mg?L-1 +20 mmol?L-1）、D组为镉组（10 mg?L-1）、E组为镉+NAC组（10 mg?L-1+20 mmol?L-1）、F组为铅+镉组（300 mg?L-1+10 mg?L-1）、G组为铅+镉+NAC组（300 mg+10 mg?L-1+20 mmol?L-1）。采用饮水染毒,染毒时间为21d,分娩后应用实时荧光定量PCR检测新生鼠大脑bcl-2、Bax、c-fos mRNA的相对表达。【结果】与对照组比较,各染毒组bcl-2 mRNA表达降低,除B组外,D组、F组均差异显著（P＜0.05）,Bax、c-fos mRNA表达显著升高（P＜0.05）,其中以F组作用最为明显;NAC拮抗组与相应染毒组比较,除C组bcl-2 mRNA表达与B组无显著性差异外（P﹥0.05）,其余各组差异显著（P＜0.05）;Bax、c-fos mRNA表达均显著降低（P＜0.05）。【结论】铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应,NAC对铅、镉致新生鼠大脑凋亡基因表达异常引起的脑细胞凋亡具有明显的保护作用。     

安格斯牛与西藏犏牛杂交生产肉牛试验初报

[目的]犏牛可以生活在海拔2 800~4 200 m,对高寒缺氧的生态环境具有很强的适应能力,是“世界屋脊”的著名牛种,为了提高西藏犏牛资源的综合利用,其后代变废为宝。[方法]在试验区选择200头经产母犏牛通过引进安格斯牛的细管冻精,依靠人工授精技术,应用种间三元杂交技术生产优质商品肉牛试验,测定初生、3月龄的体重、体尺指标,观察高寒气候的适应性。[结果]结果显示:参配母犏牛200头,实配160头,其中104头母犏牛怀孕受胎,98头顺利产犊。实配率80%,人工授精受胎率65%,成活率94.23%。犏牛平均妊娠期(266.81±11.93) d。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的出生体尺、体重与传统杂交犊牛(多勒)相比,平均体重增加8.95 kg,提高73.23;体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛(多勒)增加7.491 cm,1.394 cm,8.998 cm,0.063 cm,提高了13.94%,2.56%,15.70%,0.068%。安格斯与西藏犏牛杂交后代的3月龄与传统杂交犊牛(多勒)相比,平均体重增加43.3 kg,提高168.89;体高、体斜长、胸围、管围平均分别比传统杂交犊牛(多勒)增加15.67 cm,16.95 cm,26.31 cm,1.64 cm,提高23.27%,24.76%,34.31%,15.83%。[结论]弥补了犏牛传统杂交后代普遍存在的体躯发育差、生长发育慢等缺陷,且很好地适应西藏高寒生态环境和管理条件,杂种优势十分明显,因此安格斯牛可作为高原环境下繁殖犏牛生产肉牛的理想父本品种使用,并拥有开发高端产品的巨大潜力。