口蹄疫病毒亚洲1型TaqMan实时定量RT—PCR快速定型检测方法研究

采用TaqMan方法,根据口蹄疫病毒亚洲1型VP1的基因编码区基因(1D)序列,设计合成多对引物和多条探针,通过对引物、探针的筛选,反应条件的选择和优化,建立了口蹄疫病毒亚洲1型荧光RT-PCR检测技术,试验体系采用一对引物和两条探针配对,有效降低了由于变异导致的漏检率。经一系列的试验表明建立的荧光PCR检测技术快速、敏感、特异,检测时限3个小时以内,与口蹄疫病毒A型、O型和其它病毒不发生交叉反应,适用于样品中口蹄疫病毒亚洲1型的直接检测。口蹄疫病毒亚洲1型荧光PCR快速检测技术的建立,为我国养殖场口蹄疫亚洲1型疫情的快速诊断进而采取相应防制措施、减少疫情散播,以及动物产品中口蹄疫病毒亚洲1型的快速检测提供了一种可靠方法。     

Urbanization pressures on the natural forests in Turkey: An overview

Forests used to be the main field of interest for rural communities, but now they attract the attention of urbanites too. The forest–public relationship is important as forests protect water resources, preserve the soil and increase its productivity, provide positive effects on climate and health in general, and can be used for recreation and tourist purposes. This study aims at assessing how the current rapid urbanization process in Turkey affects forests. Urban requirements such as biomass for heating, education facilities, settlements, recreation, tourism and employment exert various pressures on the forest. In this study we assessed these pressures and suggest that forest legislations should be developed to respond to expectations of urbanites from forests, new recreation areas should be developed and urbanites’ interest in and knowledge of the forests should be increased, where all social groups including the forestry authority should work together.     

转Xa21基因不育系皖21A的白叶枯病抗性与利用

利用基因枪转化法将Xa21基因导入80-4B（BT型不育系80-4A的保持系）,选育出纯合稳定的株系皖21B。以80-4A与皖21B连续回交转育,育成了高抗白叶枯病的不育系皖21A,对皖21A和皖21B的不同世代材料进行PCR分析和田间白叶枯病菌抗性试验,表明Xa21基因稳定遗传且抗性稳定。皖21A与恢复系R18、HP121、U160配制杂交组合具有良好的抗病性和产量潜力。     

猪舍喷雾降温系统气流喷孔形式对流场影响的实验分析

局部环境射流控制喷雾蒸发降温系统是适用于我国南方夏季炎热地区开放型猪舍的局部送风降温系统。在该降温系统中,控制区域中的风速分布对降温效果影响很大,而影响风速分布的重要因素之一就是射流喷孔形式。在相同的气流出口流量的条件下,使用热球式风速仪分别对圆形、环形及环形旋流气流喷孔射流在控制区域所形成的风速分布进行了测量,在满足猪对风速范围要求的情况下,按照风速分布尽量均匀的原则,对各种形式气流喷孔的性能进行实验分析,实验结果表明对于该降温系统环形旋流喷孔的性能最优,在设计时应优先选用环形旋流气流喷孔。     

滴灌条件下不同价态外源硒对水稻硒吸收及转运的影响

【目的】通过田间小区试验,研究外源硒酸盐及亚硒酸盐施入滴灌稻田中对土壤中不同价态硒含量及其生物有效性的影响,旨在为滴灌条件下富硒水稻的开发提供理论依据。【方法】以水稻品种T-43为材料,硒肥为亚硒酸盐与硒酸盐,施硒量为0.3、0.6、1.2 kg/hm~2。【结果】研究结果表明,施肥后1 d硒酸盐1.2 kg/hm~2处理土壤中可溶态硒含量最高,比对照高了340%;可交换态硒、铁氧化物态硒及有机态硒含量在施肥后4 d亚硒酸盐1.2 kg/hm~2处理最高,较对照分别提高了380%、56%、59%,硒酸盐处理铁氧化物态硒及有机态硒含量增加不显著,说明硒酸盐主要以可溶态硒存在,而亚硒酸盐主要以可交换态硒存在,并且由可溶态转化为其他形态,因此降低了其有效性。对水稻的根、茎、叶及籽粒硒含量分析后发现,亚硒酸盐处理的籽粒和叶中的硒含量显著低于硒酸盐处理,而其根部硒含量显著大于硒酸盐处理,茎部硒含量无显著差异,且亚硒酸盐处理的根部硒累积量均大于硒酸盐处理。【结论】说明施用亚硒酸盐大部分积累在水稻根部,硒酸盐处理的地上部硒累积量大于亚硒酸盐处理,同时,硒酸盐处理的根系吸收系数、初级转运系数、次级转运系数均大于亚硒酸盐处理,说明亚硒酸盐大部分积累在水稻根部且向地上部转运较难,硒酸盐随水滴施的生物有效性高于亚硒酸盐。     

多熟制春玉米覆膜移栽的生态效应及其对植株生长与产量的影响

以“苏玉9号”为试材，研究了多熟制春玉米覆膜移栽的生态效应、植株生长特点及其对产量的影响。结果表明：覆膜移栽可改善土壤的生态环境，提高土壤温度、降低土壤容重、增加土壤的含水量；促进玉米的生长发育；提早成熟，增加产量。     

Advocating a need for suitable breeding approaches to boost integrated pest management: a European perspective

Currently, European farmers do not have access to sufficient numbers and diversity of crop species/varieties. This prevents them from designing cropping systems more resilient to abiotic and biotic stresses. Crop diversification is a key lever to reduce pest (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) pressures at all spatial levels from fields to landscapes. In this context, plant breeding should consist of: (1) increased efforts in the development of new or minor crop varieties to foster diversity in cropping systems, and (2) focus on more resilient varieties showing local adaptation. This new breeding paradigm, called here ‘breeding for integrated pest management (IPM)’, may boost IPM through the development of cultivars with tolerance or resistance to key pests, with the goal of reducing reliance on conventional pesticides. At the same time, this paradigm has legal and practical implications for future breeding programs, including those targeting sustainable agricultural systems. By putting these issues into the context, this article presents the key outcomes of a questionnaire survey and experts' views expressed during an EU workshop entitled ‘Breeding for IPM in sustainable agricultural systems’. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

The Effect of Seasonal Thermal Stress on Lipid Mobilisation,Antioxidant Status and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows

Heat stress is a major factor contributing to low fertility of dairy cows with a great economic impact in dairy industry. Heat‐stressed dairy cows usually have reduced nutrient intake, resulting in a higher degree of negative energy balance (NEB). The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal thermal effect on lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Thirty‐two healthy dairy heifers were included in the study. According to the ambient temperature, animals were divided into two groups: winter (N = 14) and summer season (N = 18). Metabolic parameters, paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were monitored at the time of insemination (basal values) and from 1 week before until 8 weeks after calving. Number of services per conception and calving‐to‐conception (CC) interval were calculated from the farm recording data. Serum triglyceride, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations were significantly increased after calving in summer compared to winter, indicating higher degree of NEB in cows during summer. PON1 activity was significantly decreased after calving in both summer and winter group. TAS concentration was significantly lower in summer than that in winter. A significantly higher number of services were needed for conception in summer compared to winter, and CC interval was significantly longer in summer than that in winter as well. Additionally, reproductive performance significantly correlated with the severity of NEB, suggesting that lipid mobilization and lower antioxidant status contributed to poor reproduction ability in dairy cows during hot months.     

农牧交错区生态环境恢复与重建的可持续发展思路

根据草地和农牧交错区生态系统重建机理及优化生态－－生产模式国家重点基础研究发展规划的要求,综合分析了我国农牧交错区的基本现状,系统论述了农牧交错区存在的草地“三化”突出、农业生产低下、自然灾害频繁等问题,研究和寻求生态系统退化、恢复和重建的关键技术与途径,进一步探讨在西部大开发中农牧交错区的发展思路。