庆阳市紫花苜蓿和燕麦推广利用现状

文章对紫花苜蓿、燕麦在庆阳市引进及在当地推广情况做了说明,结合试验对国内、国外筛选品种做了对比,推荐了适宜在庆阳市南部、北部地区种植的紫花苜蓿品种;同时对不同播期的燕麦产量做了比较,分析了燕麦不同部位营养成分。     

Intake and digestibility in sheep and chemical composition during different seasons of some West African browse species

Foliage of Afzelia africana, Pterocarpus erinaceus and Khaya senegalensis, from 10 trees per species, was collected every two weeks during the late dry, rainy and cool season to determine the seasonal effects on chemical composition. Fifteen rams of the Djallonké breed, weighing on average 20.0 kg, were used to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of hay of A. gayanus, foliage of A. africana (as a sole feed), and A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis offered with 30% of the diet as A. gayanus hay. The crude protein (CP) content of A. africana, and P. erinaceus decreased significantly from the late dry season to the cool season when that of K. senegalensis tended to increase. The mean CP of A. africana, P. erinaceus and K. senegalensis differed significantly (173 g, 139 g and 114 g/kg DM, respectively). The DM intake of A. africana offered with hay (571 g/d) or as a sole feed (598 g/d) were not significantly different, but was higher than that of P. erinaceus (428 g/d) and K. senegalensis (298 g/d). The digestibility calculated by difference of DM and CP of A. africana (582 g/kg DM and 795 g/kg CP, respectively) did not differ significantly from A. africana as a sole feed, but were higher than for the other species. The nutritive value of A. africana seems to justify the high preference of herders for this species.     

First report of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neospora caninum</Emphasis> infection in cattle in Sudan

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Sudan to determine sero-prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in non-vaccinated dairy herds and to assess importance of the disease. Blood samples were collected from a total of 262 animals from 25 herds. Sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum using ELISA test. The prevalence rates of N. caninum antibodies in cattle were high both at herd level (44%) and at individual animal level (10.7%). Herd level infection rates were similar in Khartoum State (43.7%) and at Gazira States (44.4%). The overall prevalence rates were higher (16.1%) in Gazira State than in Khartoum State (9%) but with no significant variation. The sero-prevalence at individual animal level was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in animals with history of abortion (12.8%) than in apparently healthy animal (11.3%), animal with history of infertility (8.1%), or neonatal death of calves (4.3%). In addition, significantly higher (P < 0.05) sero-prevalence was observed in samples collected during the rainy season (6.87%) than winter (3.05%) or summer (0.76%). However, no significant differences in sero-prevalence due to locality, animal breed, sex, and age were observed (p > 0.05). This preliminary study reveals for the first time the existence of natural N. caninum infection in Sudan. Also, the findings of the present study indicated that this disease is highly prevalent in two major areas of dairy production in the country, and this calls for control strategy to be implemented.     

类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在类胡萝卜素与草坪草耐荫性研究的进展,阐述了类胡萝卜素的分子结构及分类、生理功能、遗传基因、提取的方法和目前国内外研究草坪草耐荫的进展,探讨了将类胡萝卜素中色素的比值作为一种新的指标的可行性,并对该领域存在的问题和今后的发展趋势作了分析,以期为草坪草耐荫性研究提供参考.     

酸性洗涤纤维和木质素测定的国际标准

多年来,畜牧营养学家一直利用酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）作为饲料能量和采食量的指示剂,特别是在反刍日粮中。     

菠萝皮发醇生产饲料蛋白的工艺条件研究

菠萝皮是菠萝加工产生的副产物,为了将菠萝加工企业废弃的菠萝皮有效利用,实现资源的再生,缓解目前蛋白饲料的不足,进行了本研究.结果表明,采用绿色木霉和产朊假丝酵母混合菌种发酵,添加麸皮20%、硫酸铵3%、尿素2%,料水比11,自然pH值,30℃发酵5 d,发酵后的饲料粗蛋白含量提高到25.38%,经水洗后的粗蛋白含量提高到17.03%,检测的16种氨基酸含量均有很大幅度的提高,其总和从2.89%提高到15.6%,提高率达到439.8%.产品气味芳香,适口性大为改善,可用做牛、羊和鱼等养殖的低蛋白能量饲料.     

犬乳腺肿瘤病的诊治1例

乳腺肿瘤是母犬最为常见的一类疾病,老龄母犬多见,公犬少见。美国的一项调查发现,乳腺肿瘤占犬类所有肿瘤的13．4％,而这些肿瘤有41．7名发生于未节育的母犬。据统计,纯种犬发病率高于杂种犬。肿瘤中恶性肿瘤约占40％。     

不同神经类型德国牧羊犬鉴别训练初探

德国牧羊犬是世界各国警方常用的犬种,它以兴奋性高、嗅觉灵敏、工作欲望强、警用特点显著而活跃在警务活动的各个领域,尤其是在气味鉴别这一领域.本文通过对兴奋型、活泼型、安静型等神经类型德国牧羊犬的鉴别训练情况进行比较分析,进而找到最适合鉴别训练神经类型的德国牧羊犬,以缩短鉴别训练周期,提高工作效率.     

Inhibition of porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 production in PK-15 cells by small interfering RNAs targeting the Rep gene

Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and type 2 (PCV2) are two genotypes of porcine circovirus. Both of them are presumed to be widespread in the swine population. Currently, there is no specific treatment for their infections. RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, three siRNA expression plasmids (pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC) were generated to target three different coding regions of the Rep protein (Rep) of PCV. These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. Moreover, our study also showed that the production of PCV1 and PCV2 was reduced by these siRNAs. pS-RepC, which targets the middle region of Rep gene, proved to be the most efficient siRNA for inhibition of Rep expression and viral production. Taken together, our data suggest that RNAi could be investigated as a potential treatment for PCV infection.     

浅谈畜牧业中抗生素的危害与控制

实践证明,在畜牧业中抗生素作为生长促进剂已取得了良好的效果,在畜禽类疫病的防治中取得了卓越的成效。抗生素工业的兴起极大地促进了养殖业的发展。但是,抗生素的大量长期使用会造成有害菌种的耐药性及畜产品药物残留。食用药物残留的畜产品,会使人类产生过敏反应、中毒等危害,并损害身体健康。因此,如何控制或减少抗生素的危害已经成为畜牧业研究中的一大热点。