Effects of artemisinin in broiler chickens following chronic oral intake

Artemisinin has been used for centuries to treat malaria, intestinal tract helminthosis, diarrhea, and used as an antipyretic and sedative agent, but the usage in veterinary medicine is a new field. Recently, it has been used successfully to control experimental poultry coccidiosis. The present study aimed to determine the effects of different doses of artemisinin in broiler chickens with chronic usage. Sixty birds divided into one control and four treatment groups that fed rations mixed with artemisinin at doses of 17, 34, 68, and 136 ppm for 36 days. During the experiment, birds showed no clinical signs except anemia. In microscopic examinations, heart, lung, and spleen had no lesion, but liver, kidney, and brain showed various lesions. Degenerative lesions like intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions were seen in both kidney and liver but fatty change was seen only in liver. There was no relationship between severity of the liver lesions and drug dosage. Central chromatolysis, scattered neuronal necrosis, and mild spongy changes were observed in five regions of the brain that were chosen for sectioning (motor cortex, cerebellar nuclei, midbrain nuclei, and hindbrain nuclei at two separate levels). Severity of lesions in brain was dose-dependent, and cerebral cortex was the most vulnerable area. Haematologic tests showed lower values for hematocrit and red blood cell count dose-dependently. In conclusion, artemisinin is a promising drug for prevention and control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens and its side effects are not too much serious especially at therapeutic doses.     

Seroprevalence of brucellosis and its contribution to abortion in cattle,camel, and goat kept under pastoral management in Borana,Ethiopia

The involvement of Brucella infection in causing abortion was investigated in a breeding female subpopulation of 283 cattle, 756 camels, and 757 goats. Serum samples were serially tested using the Rose Bengal test and complement fixation test. The study showed that anti-Brucella antibodies were prevalent in 10.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4, 14.9), 2.2% (95%CI, 1.4, 3.7), and 1.9% (95%CI, 1.1, 3.2) of cattle, camel, and goats, respectively. Abortion was more commonly reported in camels (23.4%) than cattle (13.8%) and goats (12.4%). The results of this study suggested that Brucella infections contribute significantly to abortion in cattle (odds ratio (OR), = 4.7; 95%CI, 2.0, 10.8) and goats (OR = 6.9; 95%CI, 2.2, 21.7) but not in camels. The number of young animals produced by breeding females seems to be apparently reduced in seropositive groups. Keeping more than two animal species at household level was found to be the risk factor for cattle (OR = 3.1; 95%CI, 1.2, 7.9) and camel (OR = 5.3; 95%CI, 1.2–23.5) seropositivity to Brucella infection when compared to those animals from households that keep only two animal species. This may suggest a possibility of cross species transmission of Brucella infection under such mixed herding. Wet season (OR = 4.8; 95%CI, 1.3, 18.1) was found to be associated with seropositivity in goats, linked to a coincidence of increased deliveries in flocks with possible excretion of Brucella organisms. The study results suggest that Brucella infection is the likely cause of abortion in cattle and goats while other causes largely outweigh brucellosis as a cause of abortion in camels in Borana, hence, contributing to reproductive loss.     

饲料用混合油脂中苯并(a)芘测定方法的比较与优化

文中分析比较了三种油脂中苯并(a)芘含量的测定方法,其中GB/T22509—2008《动植物油脂苯并(a)芘的测定》方法安全性高、可行性强。本试验对该方法存在的一些不足之处加以优化后,用以测定饲料用混合油脂中苯并(a)芘的残留。标准品苯并(a)芘在0.5～20μg/l范围内的线性回归方程为:Y=1.445 6X+0.004 1,R2=0.999 5。油脂样品添加苯并(a)芘10μg/kg水平时的平均回收率为102.2%(N=5,RSD=2.3%);添加5μg/kg水平时的平均回收率为95.5%(N=5,RSD=4.2%)。结果表明该方法稳定性好、分析准确度高,非常适合用以评价油脂中苯并(a)芘的残留情况。抽样检测结果表明我国饲料级混合油中苯并(a)芘都有检出而且含量高于美国进口饲料级混合油,具有一定安全隐患。     

我国蛋鸡产业生产状况及发展形势分析

我国蛋鸡产业经过上个世纪七八十年代的快速发展,一跃成为养殖规模和鸡蛋产量位居世界第一的生产大国。但是,目前我国蛋鸡产业发展水平与世界先进国家相比仍存在较大差距,如蛋鸡育种水平仍然较低,养殖企业总体规模偏小,技术创新能力薄弱,管理水平落后,产业生产方式仍以劳动力密集型为主,设备技术水平明显落后于发达国家。自2008年初,国家农业部设立专项对我国蛋鸡生产进行跟踪监测,旨在从宏观层面引导我国蛋鸡产业向高效益、现代化、可持续的方向发展。本文旨在通过对我国蛋鸡产业发展现状、特点、规律的分析探讨,提出促进我国蛋鸡产业健康发展的措施建议。     

蛋鸡不同阶段营养调控

蛋鸡养殖期间不同生长发育阶段的营养需求有所差异,为更好地满足不同阶段蛋鸡的生长需求,应对饲料配方做出动态化调整,加强营养调控技术的研究。通过对饲料配方进行科学调整,能保证营养供给更加充足,更加均衡满足蛋鸡生长需求,保证蛋鸡健康生长,减少饲料成本,提高饲料利用效率。该文主要论述蛋鸡在不同生长阶段的营养调控技术,并提出完善蛋鸡营养调控技术的措施。     

兽用吡喹酮-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸缓释植入棒含量测定及释放度考察

建立了吡喹酮-聚乳酸-羟基乙酸（吡喹酮-PLGA）缓释植入棒含量测定的HPLC法,并对其释放度进行了考察。以甲醇-水（100：40,V／V）为流动相,采用GraceC18反相色谱柱（4．6mm250mm,5μm）,流速1．0mL／min,紫外检测波长263nm,在此试验条件下,吡喹酮在10—200μg／mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好,r=0．9999;平均回收率为99．48％,RSD为0．53％（n=9）。三批样品的含量分别为98．96％、98．67％和98．81％,该方法简单、快捷、辅料无干扰、准确度高,适于吡喹酮-PLGA植入棒的含量测定。吡喹酮-PLGA植入棒以骨架溶蚀释放机制缓慢释放,释药期可达三周,释放度高于300μg／d。     

NPFFR1基因对鹅卵泡颗粒细胞激素分泌和细胞凋亡的影响研究

神经相关肽受体（RFamide-related peptide receptor,NPFFR1）是促性腺激素抑制激素的主要亲和受体,它在调控动物繁殖方面起着重要作用。为了解NPFFR1对鹅卵巢卵泡发育的作用,本研究以42周龄健康产蛋四川白鹅为试验材料（n=9）,利用RT-qPCR法检测NPFFR1基因在等级前和等级卵泡颗粒细胞中的mRNA表达规律;在颗粒细胞中过表达NPFFR1基因,酶联免疫吸附法检测颗粒细胞上清液（n=9）中雌二醇（estradiol,E2）、孕酮（progesterone,P4）和抗缪勒管激素（anti-Mullerian hormone,AMH）的浓度变化,剩余贴壁细胞作一步法TUNEL检测细胞凋亡情况;转录组测序方法筛选大黄卵泡（8~10 mm）颗粒细胞过表达NPFFR1前后表达差异显著基因,并对差异表达基因进行功能聚类分析。结果显示,除F1等级外,其余等级卵泡颗粒细胞NPFFR1表达量均极显著高于等级前卵泡（P<0.01）;过表达NPFFR1后,等级颗粒细胞上清液中的E2和等级前颗粒细胞上清液AMH的含量显著（P<0.05）降低,但孕酮P4含量变化不显著（P>0.05）;转录组测序共筛选到267个差异表达基因（119个下调,148个上调）,这些基因主要富集在生物节律过程、繁殖进程等生物学过程中;同时,与对照组相比,差异基因AMH显著下调表达（P<0.05）,Clock（clock circadian regulator）、FOS（proto-oncogene,AP-1 trans-cription factor subunit）、Per（period circadian regulator）和ANTXR2（cell adhesion molecule 2）分别极显著（P<0.01）或显著（P<0.05）上调表达。上述试验结果提示,NPFFR1可从激素、细胞凋亡和生物节律等多个环节影响卵泡颗粒细胞,参与调控卵泡的时序等级发育。     

花椒叶浸提液对紫云英种子的化感作用

研究了不同浓度(5,10,20,40 g/L)的花椒叶浸提液对供试植物紫云英的种子萌发、幼苗根长及生理生化的影响,探究花椒化感作用的可能机理,从而为全面了解花椒林草间作种间关系及为农林复合经营和科学栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:1)花椒叶浸提液对紫云英种子萌发和幼苗根长均具有不同程度的抑制作用,且作用强度与浓度呈正相关(...     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散.对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因.发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造...     

川西北高寒沙地不同年限高山柳林下优势植物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

通过采集川西北高寒沙地不同年限(6、18、24年)高山柳林下3种优势植被藏沙蒿、裂叶独活和镰荚棘豆,分别测定分析3种植被叶片、根部C、N、P化学计量特征变化特征。结果表明:不同年限高山柳林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值间存在显著差异且呈现出不同变化趋势。林下植被C含量整体下降;叶N含量呈上升趋势,根N含量随年限增长而下降;除藏沙蒿外,林下植被P含量变化不显著;C∶N变化范围为1.92~12.86;C∶P为29.18~196.88;不同年限高山柳林下植被N∶P间虽存在差异,但均表现出主要受到P限制,表明该区域植被生长主要受P限制,应注意P养分的适当补充。