复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

通过在怀孕后期和哺乳期母猪日粮中添加不同水平的硫酸亚铁和复合有机铁,以及肌注铁与否来考察复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明,与无机铁相比,母猪饲粮中添加复合有机铁可提高母猪产活仔率和断奶仔猪存活率,提高仔猪10日龄、21日龄体重;综合铁源、铁水平以及肌注补铁的效应,添加120 mg/kg复合有机铁,同时仔猪均辅以肌注补铁,可显著提高仔猪肌注7日龄和断奶时体重(P<0.05)。     

水稻淀粉合成代谢相关基因与千粒重QTLs的连锁分析

稻米淀粉的合成和积累是水稻千粒重形成的重要基础之一。在水稻千粒重QTLs定位分析基础上，对本研究克隆的14个水稻胚乳淀粉合成与积累相关基因及已报道的和预测的42个相关基因进行了电子定位分析，比较水稻淀粉合成代谢相关基因与千粒重QTLs的连锁关系。发现有38个基因位点与千粒重QTLs连锁，说明千粒重形成与胚乳淀粉积累与淀粉结构形成代谢密切相关。本研究结果将为进一步研究水稻产量形成的分子机理提供参考。     

四种新烟碱类杀虫剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性及初级风险评估

采用饲喂管法和点滴法,分别测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒4种原药及其制剂对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了初级风险评价。结果表明:饲喂管法测得97.3%吡虫啉原药、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、96%噻虫嗪原药、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、97%噻虫胺原药、5%噻虫胺可湿性粉剂、96%啶虫脒原药及40%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂的经口毒性48 hLD50值分别为有效成分8.04×10-3、9.46×10-3、7.04×10-3、4.64×10-3、11.8×10-3、5.25×10-3、5.22和6.31μg/蜂;点滴法测得各药剂的接触毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分2.46×10-2、1.33×10-2、3.63×10-2、9.27×10-3、1.52×10-2、2.21×10-2、5.82和5.07μg/蜂。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的毒性等级划分标准,啶虫脒原药及其可溶性粉剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为中等毒,其他6种药剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为高毒;根据危害商值(HQ),啶虫脒对蜜蜂为低风险,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对蜜蜂均存在高风险。     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

林业机器人的发展现状

结合40a的林业机器人发展历史,给出了林业机器人的应用领域,提出了林业机器人的分类方法:主要从根、茎、叶和果实作业分类.在林业机器人国内外发展现状方面,以枝上作业机器人、树干作业机器人、草上作业机器人和林产工业机器人等方面进行了论述分析.在国内林业机器人研究方面,较为详尽的介绍了已经开发的机器人成果和正在研究的机器人.依据机器人技术近50a的发展和农林业机器人40多年的研究,提出了未来研究的关键技术及发展方向应主要集中在机器人机构学、智能控制、新机器人、食品安全和小型机器人等研究领域.     

追踪实战基本技能的训练

警犬追踪实战情况错综复杂,既有客观条件的变化,如案件性质、使用条件、现场环境和地理气候等;又有主观因素的影响,如人的分析判断能力、犬的作业状况等。面对各种各样复杂的现场,带犬民警作为警犬使用的主体,必须具备对案件现场勘察、分析、判断的基本功,具有正确指挥和使用警     

Effect of stachyose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation characteristics in broilers

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oligosaccharide stachyose enhances gastrointestinal tract health by fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacteria species and thus affects growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. 2. A total of 432 1-d-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments, with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. Chicks were fed a maize-hamlet protein 300 (HP300) basal diet with 0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 or 16.0 g/kg stachyose. A sixth diet contained no HP300 but soybean meal (SBM) and provided 8.7 g/kg stachyose and 3.1 g/kg raffinose. The duration of the study was 42 d. 3. Stachyose contents above 12.0 g/kg depressed group body weights, average daily gain and feed/gain but not feed intake during the whole experimental period. Broiler growth decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing stachyose content. No differences were detected between diets supplemented with 12.0 g/kg stachyose and SBM. 4. Nutrient digestibility tended to decrease but not significantly with increasing stachyose. 5. Stachyose content had no significant positive effects on caecal pH, microflora population and the resulting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites during the 42 d experiment, with only butyrate differing significantly in the initial period.     

甜玉米小斑病抗性的遗传分析与主效QTL定位

为培育抗病品种,利用抗小斑病甜玉米自交系T14和感小斑病自交系T18为亲本配制杂交组合,对玉米抗小斑病性状进行遗传分析和抗病基因分子标记定位,用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型和P₁、P₂、F₁、B₁、B₂、F₂ 6世代联合分析的方法对单位叶面积病斑数量进行遗传分析,并应用复合区间作图法检测抗小斑病QTL。结果表明,单位叶面积病斑数量受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因控制,自交系T14的抗病性在各个分离世代都以主基因遗传为主。在第4染色体上检测到4个相互连锁的小斑病抗性QTL,解释表型变异的7.7%、30.9%、14.8%和11.5%;在第6染色体上定位了1个抗病QTL,可解释表型变异的37.7%。检测到的小斑病抗性主效QTL位于第4和第6染色体的特征与2对主基因的遗传模型相吻合。     

提高植物抗盐能力的技术措施综述

日益严重的土壤盐渍化抑制作物生长,使栽培作物产量和品质下降。为提高盐胁迫下农作物的产量,研究提高植物抗盐性就有着极为重要的意义。综述了提高植物抗盐性的一些措施,包括培育抗盐作物和品种、利用Ca或微量元素、抗盐剂和植物激素以及增施有机肥、合理灌溉、地膜覆盖等其它措施,以期为植物抗盐栽培提供指导。