红鳞蒲桃苗木生长和生理生化特征对不同盐分和干旱胁迫的响应

以1年生红鳞蒲桃盆栽苗木为研究对象,设置不同盐胁迫浓度及干旱程度,研究盐旱交互作用对红鳞蒲桃苗木的高、地径生长和各项生理指标的影响。结果表明：干旱和盐胁迫都抑制了红鳞蒲桃的生长,盐胁迫的影响要大于干旱胁迫,高生长受到的限制大于地径生长,2 g/kg盐分浓度在水分充足条件下促进了地径生长。相对电导率和丙二醛含量均随着干旱和盐胁迫的增强而增大。不同盐分浓度下,干旱胁迫对相对电导率的影响趋势一致,不同盐分胁迫的影响差异不显著。高盐浓度下丙二醛含量的增加显著大于低盐浓度,表明盐胁迫对红鳞蒲桃的伤害更大;红鳞蒲桃的渗透调节物质在干旱和盐交互胁迫下有一定程度的提高。水分充足时,盐分浓度的变化没有对红鳞蒲桃的游离脯氨酸含量产生影响。随着胁迫的增加,渗透调节能力显著提高。低盐浓度下,抗氧化酶活性在水分充足时没有受到显著影响,高盐浓度下,随着干旱胁迫的加剧则显著提高。     

黔东南小香鸡的品种遗传资源特点及开发利用

目的探究日粮添加谷氨酰胺(glutamine,Gln)对黔东南小香鸡免疫器官指数及肠道免疫的影响。方法选取90羽体质量相近、健康状况良好的1日龄黔东南小香鸡,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6羽。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂基础日粮中分别添加0.5% 和1.0%的Gln。饲养至42 d,每组随机选取10羽屠宰,采集血清,分离免疫器官,刮取空肠肠黏膜,用于后续测定。结果与对照组相比,0.5% Gln组黔东南小香鸡脾脏指数显著升高(P<0.05),1.0% Gln组的法氏囊指数、脾脏指数、胸腺指数、血清IgA、IgG和IgM含量及空肠黏膜sIgA分泌均显著升高(P<0.05),并且空肠黏膜的MUC1和MUC2 mRNA的相对表达量也显著增加(P<0.05)。结论黔东南小香鸡日粮添加1.0% Gln可促进免疫器官发育,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能。     

盐胁迫对黄蜀葵生长及金丝桃苷含量的影响

通过种子萌发试验和盆栽试验,探讨了盐胁迫对黄蜀葵种子发芽、生长发育、植株体内离子分布以及金丝桃苷含量的影响。结果表明,盐胁迫对黄蜀葵种子萌发有一定的抑制作用,随着盐浓度的增加,其发芽率呈下降趋势;低浓度NaCl胁迫有利于黄蜀葵生长,其中,0.3%的NaCl处理下生长发育较好;盐处理后,黄蜀葵根中Na+和K+含量显著高于茎与叶,Ca2+含量、K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+值显著低于茎与叶;随NaCl浓度提高,根中Na+含量逐渐增加,各个器官中Ca2+和K+含量均呈上升趋势。盐胁迫对黄蜀葵花冠中金丝桃苷含量影响显著,当NaCl浓度为0.3%时,金丝桃苷含量达到最高,但当NaCl浓度为0.7%时,金丝桃苷含量急剧下降。认为黄蜀葵为耐盐植物,适度的盐胁迫可以提高黄蜀葵花冠中金丝桃苷的含量。     

豚草粗提物对杨树水泡型溃疡病的抑菌作用研究

为解决豚草提取物在林业病虫害防治中的推广与应用问题,以豚草叶片为试验材料,采用温浸-超声波联合提取法提取抑菌活性物质,并开展其对杨树水泡型溃疡病病原菌的室内外抑菌试验。室内抑菌试验表明,粗提物浓度为16 mg/mL时,抑菌率达到73.62%;林间防治试验表明,最小抑菌浓度为 40 mg/mL,抑菌率达到95.14%。通过以上抑菌试验确定豚草粗提物对杨树水泡型溃疡病有较好的抑制效果。     

不同保鲜处理对即食菠萝质量变化的影响

新鲜菠萝经机械削皮、去果眼、切分和清洗后用４种保鲜方法处理,分虽在４～５和１４～１５℃下贮存,并测定菠萝的呼吸强度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量,菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌和酵母及致病菌,进同时行色、香、味和质地等的感官评定。试验结果表明,含０．２～０．４ｇ／１００ｍＬ食盐、８～１２ｇ／１００ｍＬ蔗糖和０．３～０．５ｇ／１００ｍＬ柠檬酸的溶液于６６～７５℃处理３～６ｍｉｎ能使菠萝的生命活动维持在较低水平,保持菠萝原有的新鲜状况,且产品的各项微生物指标均符合即食产品的卫生要求。产品贮存在１４～１５℃下７ｄ或４～４℃下１４ｄ均无明显的质量变化。据此提出了即食菠萝产品的质量指标和要求。     

New alkamides from maca (Lepidium meyenii)

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a food in Peru for thousands of years. More recently a wide array of commercial maca products have gained popularity as dietary supplements, with claims of anabolic and aphrodisiac effects, although the biologically active principles are not fully known. In an earlier chemical investigation, two new alkamides and a novel fatty acid, as well as the N-hydroxypyridine derivative, macaridine, were isolated from L. meyenii. Further examination has led to the isolation of five additional new alkamides, namely, N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z-octadecenamide (1), N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z,15Z-octadecadienamide (2), N-benzyl-13-oxo-9E,11E-octadecadienamide (3), N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4), and N-(m-methoxybenzyl)hexadecanamide (5). Their structures were established by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods including ESI-HRMS, EI-MS, (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR, as well as (1)H-(15)N 2D HMBC experiments. In addition, the identity of N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4) was confirmed by synthesis. These compounds have been found from only L. meyenii and could be used as markers for authentication and standardization.     

生产建设项目弃渣(土)场水土流失特征与防治措施

生产建设项目弃渣场种类繁多,弃渣成分、结构复杂,各类弃渣场的侵蚀形式、机制不尽相同,不易实施适宜的水土保持措施,致使弃渣场水土流失十分严重。通过介绍弃渣场存在的各类土壤侵蚀型式、归纳土壤侵蚀类型、分析岩土侵蚀特点,指出影响弃渣场土壤侵蚀的主要因素有排弃方式、组成物质、坡面以及堆积时间等。结合保证弃渣场安全稳定、恢复土地生产力的弃渣场水土流失防治目标,分析现有水土保持措施特点,提出健全弃渣场水土流失防治措施体系的建议,为弃渣场的水土流失防治提供科学依据。     

日本血吸虫谷胱甘肽S－转移酶小鼠免疫试验

用谷胱甘肽琼脂糖亲和层析柱纯化中国大陆株日本血吸虫成虫谷胱甘肽Ｓ－转移酶（ＧＳＴ）。把纯化的ＧＳＴ结合福氏性剂免疫了二批达ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠，获得了２９．５８～３２．７１％的减虫率和５２．９４～６８．１３％的粪便减卵率。ＥＬＩＳＡ试验表明免疫小鼠产生了体液免疫应答，免疫印迹试验（ＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＢｌｏｔｔｉｎｇ）显示日本血吸虫水溶性成虫抗原和ＧＳＴ抗原的２６、２８ｋＤ蛋白被免疫小鼠血清所识别。     

Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma gene in various chicken tissues

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are the members of superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. A great number of studies in rodent and human have shown that PPARs were involved in the lipids metabolism. The goal of the current study was to investigate the expression pattern of PPAR genes in various tissues of chicken. The tissue samples (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, intestine, brain, breast muscle and adipose) were collected from six Arber Acres broilers (8 weeks old, male and female birds are half and half). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Northern blot were used to characterize the expression of PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma genes in the above tissues. By semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the results showed the expression level of PPAR-alpha gene was higher in brain, lung, kidney, heart and intestine, medium in stomach, liver and adipose than in spleen, and it did not express in breast muscle. The expression level of PPAR-gamma gene was higher in adipose, medium in brain and kidney than in spleen, heart, lung, stomach and intestine, but it did not express in liver and breast muscle. Northern blot results showed that PPAR-alpha gene expressed in heart, liver, kidney and stomach, and the intensity of hybridization signal was the stronger in liver and kidney than in other tissues, however, PPAR-gamma gene only expressed in adipose and kidney tissues. The results of this study showed the profile of PPAR gene expression in the chicken was similar to that in rodent, human and pig. However the expression profile of chicken also have its own specific trait, i.e. compared with mammals, PPAR-alpha gene can not be detected in skeletal muscle and PPAR-gamma gene can be stronger expressed in kidney tissues. This work will provide some basic data for the PPAR genes expression and lipids metabolism of birds.     

奶牛主要植物性蛋白质饲料蛋白质和纤维物质瘤胃降解率的研究

选用3头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦产奶牛为试验动物,选取8种北方地区奶牛常用蛋白质饲料原料为试验样品,每个样品设3个重复,用尼龙袋法分别测定各个样品的粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在瘤胃内的动态降解率和有效降解率。结果表明:(1)所选8种蛋白质饲料原料中葵花粕的粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率均高于其他粗饲料,达到61.17%以上,酒精粕的粗蛋白质(CP)有效降解率最低,仅为19.03%。(2)在饲喂基础上,玉米蛋白粉所含的瘤胃降解蛋白质(RDP)的比例最高,达到30.99%以上,而酒精粕所含的比例最低,仅为5.52%。(3)豆粕所含的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的有效降解率最高,达到50.74%以上,而菜籽粕的最低,仅为11.06%。(4)玉米蛋白粉所含的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的有效降解率最高,达到59.23%以上,而酒精粕的最低,仅为11.27%。