盐胁迫对‘南林895’杨组培再生芽生根及抗氧化能力的影响

以‘南林895’杨经组培获得的2 cm长再生芽为试验材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理下再生芽不定根发生能力及其耐盐能力。结果表明:‘南林895’杨再生芽在75 mmol/L以下能够正常产生不定根,100 mmol/L完全抑制不定根的形成。25～50 mmol/L盐处理能够促进‘南林895’杨再生芽不定根的伸长,增加根数,提高叶绿素a及总叶绿素的含量。25 mmol/L处理的SOD、CAT、POD、GR 4种保护酶与对照之间没有显著性差异,MDA含量和电导率也低于对照;而在高浓度盐处理下(75～100 mmol/L),SOD、CAT、GR保护酶活性下降,导致膜透性加大,MDA含量增加,POD和AsA-POD酶活性的提高有助于缓解盐胁迫对‘南林895’杨造成的氧化损伤。     

Echinacoside promotes bone regeneration by increasing OPG/RANKL ratio in MC3T3-E1 cells

Echinacoside (ECH), isolated from Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) R. Wight stems, was subjected to in vitro experiments to investigate its bioactivities on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of the osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. MTT assay, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition were determined, and the secretion of collagen I (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were also assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that ECH caused a significant increase in cell proliferation, ALP activity, COL I contents, OCN levels and an enhancement of mineralization in osteoblasts at the concentration range from 0.01 to 10 nmol·L^− 1 (p < 0.05), suggesting that ECH has a stimulatory effect on osteoblastic bone formation or has potential activity against osteoporosis. In addition, the ratio of OPG/RANKL also could be enhanced by ECH. These findings provide the potent evidence that ECH can promote bone regeneration in cultured osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, which might be done by elevating the OPG/RANKL ratio, and potential evidence for echinacoside to be a promising drug or a lead compound in the development of disease-modifying drug to prevent osteoporosis.     

干旱胁迫下侧柏、苦楝等树种的生理生化响应及抗旱性评价

采用盆栽试验研究干旱胁迫条件下5种树种侧柏、苦楝、栾树、黄连木、乌桕1年实生苗的抗旱生理生化指标丙二醛(MDA)、电导率(EC)、叶绿素(Chl.)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)等的变化。在研究生理生化指标与抗旱性关系的基础上,采用隶属函数法对上述指标进行综合分析,得出其抗旱能力从大到小的顺序为:侧柏、栾树、黄连木、乌桕、苦楝,这一结果与5种植物的实际表现一致。     

奶牛边缘无浆体MSP2的原核表达及抗原性鉴定

为克隆和原核表达牛边缘无浆体(A.marginale)膜表面蛋白2(MSP2),并分析其免疫原性,本研究通过PCR方法扩增A.marginale的MSP2基因,将其连接到pGEX 6p-1载体中,转化感受态细胞BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,进行SDS-PAGE分析,将纯化的MSP2重组蛋白免疫小鼠。结果表明表达并纯化了A.marginaleMSP2,其免疫原性良好,为制备单克隆抗体及亚单位疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

Effect of steam pretreatment on wood moisture content and characteristics of vacuum drying

The effects of high temperature steam pretreatment on the change in wood moisture content (MC) and characteristics of vacuum drying were investigated in this study. Poplar and manchurian walnut woods were pretreated with high temperature steam at 100°C and 140°C, prior to vacuum drying. A comparison of the characteristics of vacuum drying between steam pretreated wood and untreated wood was carried out. The results show that during steam pretreatment, the MC of wood decreased within a few hours. The reduction of MC varied with the temperature; the higher the temperature, the faster the MC dropped. During the vacuum drying stage, the rates of drying of pretreated samples were higher than those of untreated samples when MC was below the fiber saturation point. Furthermore, the total drying time of samples treated at a steam temperature of 140°C was lower than that of untreated samples. Therefore, a vacuum procedure after steam pretreatment can effectively shorten the drying time when drying wood.     

宁夏典型草原土壤微生物特征对不同管理方式的响应

草地土壤微生物是土壤养分循环的推动力,可灵敏反映草地生态环境变化,常被用来评价草地土壤质量。本研究以宁夏典型草原为对象,研究了封育、放牧和水平沟改良管理方式下土壤微生物特征及其与土壤有机质的相关性。结果表明,试验区0~40 cm土层土壤微生物数量表现为细菌>放线菌>真菌;细菌和放线菌数量随封育年限增加呈增加趋势,真菌以封育5年草地最高;微生物总数量和微生物量碳、氮含量均表现为随封育年限增加而增加,放牧草地最低;水平沟改良草地微生物特征未表现出明显的优越性;土壤微生物数量表现为5~15 cm土层最高,25~40 cm土层最低;土壤微生物数量与有机质含量之间存在极显著正相关关系。     

冬油菜茬后复种青贮玉米品种比较

为了开辟饲料生产新途径,在冬油菜（Brassica napus）茬后复种青贮玉米（Zea mays）,开展品种筛选试验。对9个参试品种生育期、植株形状、产草量等指标的调查和测定,结果表明,饲粮2号和文玉5号属中熟品种,茎秆最粗,且饲粮2号鲜草产量最高,为79 303.7 kg·hm-2,其干物质为18 855.9 kg·hm-2;文玉5号鲜草产量次之,其干物质产量最高,为20 127.6 kg·hm-2。综合分析认为,饲粮2号和文玉5号具有较高的生物产量,适于在当地冬油菜茬后复种推广种植。     

酵母β-葡聚糖对断奶仔猪肠道菌群的影响

随机选取28日龄体重为(7.51±0.72)kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪72头,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头仔猪,4个处理组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上,分别添加酵母β-葡聚糖0、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%。试验结果表明,28日龄断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同剂量的酵母β-葡聚糖均能不同程度地提高仔猪肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量,降低大肠杆菌的数量,改善了断奶仔猪肠道正常菌群结构。     

绣线菊叶片中花色素苷对光合PSⅡ功能的影响

为了掌握植物叶片中花色素苷含量对植物叶片PSⅡ功能的影响情况,以土庄绣线菊Spiraea pubescens、金焰绣线菊S.×bunmalba cv.Goldflame和金山绣线菊S.×bunmalba cv.Goldmound为试验材料,利用叶绿素荧光技术研究了花色素苷在绣线菊叶片光合机构中的作用。结果表明:三种绣线菊的完全展开叶片(即成熟叶片)中的花色素苷含量较低,叶绿素含量以及叶绿素荧光参数之间的差异较小;而在三种绣线菊的伸展叶片(生长叶片)中,金焰绣线菊和金山绣线菊叶片中花色素苷含量明显高于土庄绣线菊,而其叶绿素含量却明显低于土庄绣线菊。金焰绣线菊和金山绣线菊伸展叶片的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)和单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)均明显低于土庄绣线菊,说明较高含量的花色素苷降低了绣线菊叶片对光能的吸收,但是PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)、电子传递速率(ETR)和实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)却明显高于土庄绣线菊。土庄绣线菊伸展叶片的有活性的PSⅡ反应中心数量明显低于金焰绣线菊和金山绣线菊,而单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量(TRo/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量(ETo/RC)和单位反应中心耗散掉的能量(DIo/RC)均明显高于金焰和金山绣线菊,且土庄绣线菊伸展叶片失活反应中心的比例较高。花色素苷不但改变了金焰绣线菊和金山绣线菊伸展叶片对光能的吸收,而且改变了光合电子的传递速率和能量分配参数,影响了绣线菊伸展叶片的PSⅡ功能。     

A cost-effective method for Illumina small RNA-Seq library preparation using T4 RNA ligase 1 adenylated adapters

Background

Deep sequencing is a powerful tool for novel small RNA discovery. Illumina small RNA sequencing library preparation requires a pre-adenylated 3?? end adapter containing a 5??,5??-adenyl pyrophosphoryl moiety. In the absence of ATP, this adapter can be ligated to the 3?? hydroxyl group of small RNA, while RNA self-ligation and concatenation are repressed. Pre-adenylated adapters are one of the most essential and costly components required for library preparation, and few are commercially available.

Results

We demonstrate that DNA oligo with 5?? phosphate and 3?? amine groups can be enzymatically adenylated by T4 RNA ligase 1 to generate customized pre-adenylated adapters. We have constructed and sequenced a small RNA library for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using the T4 RNA ligase 1 adenylated adapter.

Conclusion

We provide an efficient and low-cost method for small RNA sequencing library preparation, which takes two days to complete and costs around $20 per library. This protocol has been tested in several plant species for small RNA sequencing including sweet potato, pepper, watermelon, and cowpea, and could be readily applied to any RNA samples.