犬乳腺肿瘤病的诊治1例

乳腺肿瘤是母犬最为常见的一类疾病,老龄母犬多见,公犬少见。美国的一项调查发现,乳腺肿瘤占犬类所有肿瘤的13．4％,而这些肿瘤有41．7名发生于未节育的母犬。据统计,纯种犬发病率高于杂种犬。肿瘤中恶性肿瘤约占40％。     

Effects of single or combined dietary supplementation of β-glucan and kefir on growth performance,blood characteristics and meat quality in broilers

1. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary β-glucan and kefir (a fermented milk product) on growth performance, blood profiles, relative organ weight and meat quality in broilers.

2. A total of 375 day-of-hatch mixed sex ROSS 308 broilers (BW of 46 ± 0.1 g) were used in a 5-week experiment and randomly allotted to one of the following dietary treatments: (1) NC, basal diet; (2) PC, basal diet + 40 mg/kg of avilamycin; (3) B, NC + 0.1% β-glucan; (4) K, NC + 0.1% kefir; (5) BK, NC + 0.1% β-glucan + 0.1% kefir.

3. During weeks 0–3, broilers in B, K and BK treatments had higher body weight gain (BWG) than those in NC treatment. During weeks 4–5, BK treatment had a higher BWG than NC treatment. Overall, broilers given PC, K and BK diets had higher BWG than those given NC diet. The feed efficiency ratio (FCR) was improved by PC treatment.

4. Relative liver weight was increased by B treatment, whereas the relative weight of breast meat and gizzard was higher in BK group than that in NC group. Broilers given PC, B and BK diets had greater breast meat redness value and reduced drip loss at d 5 and d 7. The cooking loss was also reduced by B and BK treatments compared with NC treatment.

5. In conclusion, the results suggested that inclusion of 0.1% β-glucan and 0.1% kefir, either individually or combined, would improve growth performance and benefit meat quality in broiler chickens.     

羊驼视网膜组织学结构

用光镜观察了羊驼视网膜的组织学结构,以及3级神经元的细胞胞核层数及胞核特点。结果表明:羊驼视网膜结构与昼行性的哺乳动物的视网膜结构相似,但米勒细胞较明显、水平细胞为一层、内网层细胞很厚等形成了羊驼视网膜结构的特性,显示了羊驼视网膜结构和机能与其行为学特性的一致性。     

晋北黄土高原蜂群管理对策

晋北黄土高原区，海拔多在1200～1400m之间，地势由东向西倾斜，土层深厚，土壤透水性、通气性好，含有丰富的营养物质，是较理想的蜜源植物种植土壤。     

稚蚕人工饲料中几种微量元素的添加效果

测定桑叶粉及基础饲料中钛、铁、硒、稀土元素的含量，分别为６１～９２、５２０～１０００、０．３８４、５．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ和３７、６５０～７１０、０．４１４、５．４ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在基础饲料中以６．７～５２．２ｍｇ钛／ｋｇ饲料剂量添加柠檬酸钛，对１～２龄蚕的生长发育未见有促进作用；以柠檬酸混合稀土、柠檬酸钟、柠檬酸镧形式向基础饲料中加入１７．４～１４１．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料的混合稀土或其单体元素铈和镧，其生长发育没有促进而略受抑制。稚蚕饲料中添加１％磷酸高铁（相当于２４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ饲料），稚蚕期的生长发育有明显促进，促进程度随添加时间的延长而进一步加大，这种促进作用不是通过改变饲料适口性来实现的。     

Inductive expression of the NOD1 signalling pathway in chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum

1. The aim of this study was to describe the role of Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) receptor signalling in chicken.

2. Tissue-specific expression analysis of NOD1, receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 (MAPK11 or p38) by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed their wide distribution in various organs and tissues.

3. Salmonella pullorum infection activated NOD1 receptor signalling in vivo and in vitro, resulting in significant induction of downstream signalling molecules RIPK2, NF-κB/p65, MAPK11/p38 and the effector molecules IL-1b and IL-8.

4. Activation of NOD1 by its agonist bacterial γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) in HD11 cells induced the adapter molecular RIPK2 and activated the NF-κB/p65 and MAPK11/p38 pathways, resulting in an increase in IL-8 but not IL-1β. Additionally, inhibition of NOD1 using NOD1-shRNA resulted in downregulation of RIPK2, MAPK11 and IL-8, while NF-κB/p65 and IL-1β were unaltered.

5. These results highlight the important role of NOD1 receptors in eliciting the innate immune response following pathogenic invasion in chicken.     

酵母培养物对安徽白山羊和波尔山羊生长发育的影响

以安徽白山羊和波尔山羊为试验动物,探讨酵母培养物对其生长发育的影响。结果表明,体重方面,在A组、B组和C组内,试验组比对照组的总增重分别多33.79%、11.76%和18.00%,且A组中试验组总增重和平均日增重极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);体尺方面,A组中试验组体斜长增长显著高于对照组(P<0.05),C组中试验组尻宽增长显著高于对照组(P<0.05),A组中试验组体高增长极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);经济效益方面,A组、B组和C组内的试验组比对照组平均每只羊分别多获利15.87、4.14和8.05元。     

禽胰多肽研究进展

禽胰多肽(avian pancreatic polypeptide,APP)是由36个氨基酸残基组成,由胰脏胰多肽细胞分泌的一种多肽。研究表明,APP具有促进畜禽采食,加快生长发育,调节胃肠道运动,影响内分泌活动和保护细胞膜的完整性等多种生理作用。在近30年的研究工作中,人们对胰多肽的生理功能和临床应用有了一定的了解,但是对其生理活性及作用机制的研究尚处于探索阶段,在许多方面还有待进一步研究揭示。     

猪源表皮葡萄球菌的分离与鉴定

葡萄球菌广泛分布于空气、饲料、饮水、地面及物体表面,在人及畜禽的皮肤、粘膜、肠道、呼吸道及乳腺中也存在,大部分无致病性[1].但使机体抵抗力下降的诸因素,特别是皮肤和粘膜受损时,可导致葡萄球菌病的发生.2006年9月,在河北昌黎地区某养猪场,从外地购买的100头仔猪陆续发生以背部、四肢渗出性皮炎为主要症状,并伴有体温升高、眼结膜潮红等症状的疾病.作者从该养猪场病猪皮肤溃疡浆液中分离出2株表皮葡萄球菌,并对分离菌的主要生物学特性进行了初步研究,旨在为临床上防治本病提供参考.     

中国荷斯坦牛乳蛋白分子遗传多态性和产奶性状相关性的研究

从北京两个主要牛场共采得１８７头中国荷斯坦奶牛的血样,提取基因组ＤＮＡ,通过ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ方法对Ｋａｐｐａ酪蛋白、Ｂｅｔａ乳球蛋白（βｌｇ）和Ａｌｐｈａ乳白蛋白（α－ｌａ）进行了基因型的鉴定,并结合产奶性状进行统计分析,结果表明,牛群中上述３种乳蛋白基因的基因频率分别为Ｋ－ｃｎＡ７９％,Ｋ－ｃａＢ２１％,β－ｌｇＡ４３％,β－ｌｇＢ５７％,α－ｌｇＢ１００％,Ｋ－ＣＮ和β－ｌｇ基因位眯对产奶量没