Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma harzianum

The biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, from both marine and terrestrial environments, has attracted considerable attention. T. harzianum has a tremendous potential to produce a variety of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs), which are an important source of new herbicides and antibiotics. This review prioritizes the SMs of T. harzianum from 1988 to June 2022, and their relevant biological activities. Marine-derived SMs, especially terpenoids, polyketides, and macrolides compounds, occupy a significant proportion of natural products from T. harzianum, deserving more of our attention.     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

椰汁冰淇淋的生产工艺

研究以椰子汁为辅料生产椰汁冰淇淋的生产工艺,探讨不同椰汁用量对冰淇淋品质的影响,开发出一种含有脂肪、蛋白质、维生素等营养成分的冰淇淋,并通过正交试验确立了生产椰汁冰淇淋的工艺参数。结果表明:以25%椰子果汁、10%奶油、10%白砂糖、12%全脂淡奶粉、0.3%稳定乳化剂为配方可生产出品质优良的产品。     

乐都山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对７５只乐都山羊的红细胞钾型进行了调查研究。结果发现：①按红细胞钾浓度，乐都山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，以高钾为优势表型（８８％）；②高钾型山羊的红细胞钾浓度在４３．５９￣８１．３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间，低钾型的在９．３７￣２１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间；③Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．９３８７和０．０６１９，基因杂合度为０．１１６１。     

马铃薯块茎中一些矿质元素的含量及其在软腐病发生中的作用

 测定了对细菌性软腐病抗感能力不同的3个马铃薯品种的块茎中14种矿质元素的含量。发现薯肉组织中Cu、Zn的含量高低与品种对伤口侵染的抗性强弱有相关性。Ni、K也有类似情况,而Ca、Mg含量与抗性无关。用溶液渗透法浸泡薯块后,只有CuS0₄能显著抑制软腐病的发生。Zn、Fe、Al等在一定浓度时也有一些作用。Mg处理无效,Ca处理只能使薯块腐烂面积略有减小,而不能减少腐烂病斑数。对于自然带菌和人工接种的薯块。CuSO₄·5H₂O的浓度分别为500和5000mg/L时防效达100%。     

Surface modification of HMPBO fibers by silane coupling agent of KH-560 treatment assisted by ultrasonic vibration

The surface modification of poly (p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (HMPBO) fibers by silane coupling agent of ??-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (KH-560) treatment assisted by ultrasonic vibration was investigated. The chemical composition and surface morphologies of the HMPBO fibers were analyzed and characterized by XPS, FTIR, TGA and SEM. The tensile properties of the HMPBO fibers were also studied. The results indicated that polar hydroxyl groups were successfully introduced on the HMPBO surface after the proposed treatment processes, and the surface roughness of HMPBO fibers was increased. Moreover, the treated HMPBO maintained relatively excellent tensile strength, and the single fiber pull-out strength of HMPBO was improved from 0.94 MPa to 1.07 MPa.     

甘肃省靖远小口枣生产情况调查

靖远小口枣原产于甘肃省靖远县石门乡小口村,以果大肉厚核小,甜脆清香而闻名遐迩。其果肉绿白色,质疏松,汁少,味甜,为优良的鲜食和制干兼用品种。曾于1988年在甘肃省枣鉴评会上获省优质产品称号;1991年在石家庄全国林果产品博览会获金奖;1996年在甘肃省名优特林果鉴评会上获银奖;2003年在中国首届沙产业博览会上获优质产品奖。20世纪90年代前,靖远小口枣仅分布在小口村附近的几个村,栽植面积较小,且零星栽植的植株占有一定的比例,生产规模小,不适应商品化生产的需要。为了发挥地方名优特产的资源优势,近20年来,靖远县将小口枣作为林果产业的…     

Zebrafish Dpr2 inhibits mesoderm induction by promoting degradation of nodal receptors

Nodal proteins, members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, have been identified as key endogenous mesoderm inducers in vertebrates. Precise control of Nodal signaling is essential for normal development of embryos. Here, we report that zebrafish dapper2 (dpr2) is expressed in mesoderm precursors during early embryogenesis and is positively regulated by Nodal signals. In vivo functional studies in zebrafish suggest that Dpr2 suppresses mesoderm induction activities of Nodal signaling. Dpr2 is localized in late endosomes, binds to the TGFbeta receptors ALK5 and ALK4, and accelerates lysosomal degradation of these receptors.