内蒙古牧区传统乳制品中耐酸及耐胆盐植物乳杆菌的筛选

试验对从内蒙古通辽市科左后旗和扎鲁特旗牧民家的乳样中分离的27株植物乳杆菌的耐酸及耐胆盐特性进行研究。结果显示，有20株菌能耐受0．3％的牛胆酸钠，且对pH3．0的生长环境表现出不同程度的耐受性。其中8株菌耐受性较强，存活率最高可达150．6％，其余菌株从15．5％-39．8％不等。     

Effects of dietary manganese supplementation on nutrient digestibility and production performance in male sika deer (Cervus Nippon)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) supplementation on nutrient digestibility and antler growth in male sika deer. Twenty 3‐year‐old male sika deer were divided into four groups (Control, T40, T80 and T120). The control diet contained 22.2 mg Mn/kg. The treatment diets were supplemented with 40, 80 and 120 mg of Mn/kg (provided as Mn methionine). The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter and crude protein in the T80 group was greater than other groups. Higher digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed in the T80 group than in the control group. Plasma Mn concentrations in the T80 and T120 groups were higher (P < 0.01) than control and T40 group (P < 0.01). The concentration of Mn in feces was increased with increasing Mn amount. Average daily gain of fresh antler and dry antler of T80 was greater than other groups, especially the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the suitable level of Mn supplementation was found to be 80 mg/kg (total Mn content 103.4 mg/kg dry matter), which significantly increased antler daily gain and feed digestibility in 3‐year‐old sika deer.     

Effects of melatonin on maturation,histone acetylation,autophagy of porcine oocytes and subsequent embryonic development

Melatonin (MLT) is an endogenous hormone with roles in animal germ cell development. However, the effect of MLT on porcine oocyte maturation and its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous MLT on oocyte maturation, histone acetylation, autophagy and subsequent embryonic development. We found that 1 nmol/L MLT supplemented in maturation medium was the optimal concentration to promote porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent developmental competence and quality of parthenogenetic embryos. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of 1 nmol/L MLT treatment on porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development were mainly attributed to the first half period of in vitro maturation. Simultaneously, MLT treatment could also improve maturation of small follicle‐derived oocytes, morphologically poor (cumulus cell layer ≤1) and even artificially denuded oocytes and their subsequent embryo development. Furthermore, MLT treatment not only could decrease the levels of H3K27ac and H4K16ac in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, but also could increase the expression abundances of genes associated with cumulus cell expansion, meiotic maturation, histone acetylation and autophagy in cumulus cells or MII oocytes. These results indicate that MLT treatment can facilitate porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development probably, through improvements in histone acetylation and autophagy in oocytes.     

Feeding different dietary protein to energy ratios to Holstein heifers: effects on growth performance,blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters

Eighteen Chinese Holstein heifers average age 230 ± 14 days were allocated to 1 of 3 dietary crude protein (CP) to metabolizable energy (ME) ratios to examine the effects on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation parameters with 90‐days experiment. Three different dietary CP:ME ratios were targeted based on the formulation of dietary CP contents of 10.85%, 12.78% and 14.63% on dry matter (DM) basis with similar ME contents (10.42 MJ/kg DM), which were categorized as low, medium and high dietary CP:ME ratios. The actual CP:ME ratios obtained in this study significantly increased from low to high CP:ME ratio groups with a value of 10.59, 11.83 and 13.38 g/MJ respectively. Elevated CP:ME ratios significantly increased CP intake (kg/day) and feed efficiency (FE) which was defined as dry matter intake as a proportion of average daily gain (ADG), whereas little difference was observed in body weight (kg), ADG (kg/day), DM intake (kg/day) and ME intake (MJ/day) among the three different CP:ME ratio groups. Increasing dietary CP to ME ratios significantly increased CP digestibility, whereas digestibility of DM and gross energy remained constant in the current experiment. Blood urea nitrogen and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 linearly increased with increasing dietary CP:ME ratios. There was significantly dietary treatment effect on rumen fermentation parameters including acetate, propionate, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids. Therefore, this study indicated that increasing dietary CP levels with similar energy content contributed to increased protein intake and its digestibility, as well as FE. Holstein heifers between 200 and 341 kg subjected to 13.38 dietary CP:ME ratio showed improved feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, some blood metabolites and rumen fermentation characteristics for 0.90 kg/day rate of gain.     

粮草兼顾型畜牧业饲草料发展现状及展望

随着我国人口数量的持续增长,居民生活水平不断提高,粮食需求随之剧增,肉、蛋、奶等畜禽产品的消费也不断增长,人们对畜产品的需求决定着农业发展的方向。本文介绍了我国粮草兼顾型畜牧业发展的主要背景,简述了传统畜牧业和粮草兼顾型畜牧业对饲草料需求的异同,并分析了新形势下我国畜牧业发展的方向:1)针对我国居民膳食结构改变对农业结构发展模式的影响,提出现阶段发展草地农业,进行广泛的系统耦合是促进农业可持续发展的技术保障,是我国农业结构调整的必然之路;2)结合我国现阶段畜牧业发展现状,指出将牧草或其他饲料作物的生产利用纳入到农业生产体系当中,通过粮―草―畜有机结合,建立起土地―植物―动物产品完整的产业链条来满足消费者食物需求;3)建议通过增加优质牧草日粮比例、发展草食家畜、建设信息自动化等具体措施,来促进、引领和保证粮草兼顾型畜牧业的可持续发展。     

罗威纳犬街面追捕的目标锁定率研究

罗威纳犬由于其良好的护卫性能,被许多欧美国家应用于护卫、救护、搜索及海关缉私等工作中.我国警方在20世纪80年代初至90年代末,多次分别从德国和法国引进数量不等的罗威纳犬,用于安检、治安防范等多个领域,并在实际工作中发挥了重要作用.     

吉林地区规模化猪场不同猪群繁殖与呼吸综合征的血清学调查

本试验应用ELISA法对吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场和9个PRRS免疫猪场的后备母猪、生产母猪和5～10周龄的断奶仔猪三个猪群进行了PRRSV抗体检测。结果表明:吉林地区8个PRRS未免疫猪场均受到PRRSV感染,猪场抗体阳性率为100%,猪群抗体阳性率在50%～75%之间,平均阳性率为62.26%;吉林地区9个PRRS免疫猪场猪群PRRSV抗体阳性率在70%～100%之间,平均阳性率为87.78%。PRRS未免疫猪场与PRRS免疫猪场猪群抗体平均阳性率相比,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

口蹄疫加强免疫在实际工作中的重要性

应用口蹄疫液相阻断ELISA方法对新疆精河县规模场母牛血清进行了检测,加强免疫组的免疫保护率高于一次免疫组的免疫保护率,加强免疫在防疫工作中消除隐患,减少了防疫漏洞。     

赤羽病病毒的纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备

将人工繁殖、纯化的赤羽病病毒作为免疫原,通过常规杂交瘤技术,制备亲和性强、特异性好的小鼠抗赤羽病病毒单克隆抗体,并进行相应的纯化和标记工作。以澳大利亚进口的试剂盒进行验证,结果证明:进口单抗与我们制备的AAK纯品及AAK-HRP显示同样结果;且质控结果表明,AAK纯品及其衍生物AAK-HRP的特异性和亲和性均基本满足进行封闭ELISA检测方法的要求,为制备国产化ELISA试剂盒提供了基础。     

论必须强化对畜禽规模养殖场（区）依法监管

改革开放三十年以来,我市的畜牧业经历了家庭养殖阶段和规模化养殖阶段。近年来,随着畜牧兽医法律、法规、配套标准的相继完善,正在向现代化养殖业方向发展,特别是2008年"三鹿事件"发生后,对奶牛业发展造成了重创。省政府、市政府相