不同栽培模式下青贮玉米的农艺性状

为探究不同的栽培模式对青贮玉米(Zea mays)农艺性状及产量形成的影响,选用新饲玉19号在(30+60)、(10+66)、(17+50)、(60+60)、(76+76)、(40+60)和(30+90)cm 7种行距栽培模式下对比研究。结果表明,(60+60)cm的栽培模式中青贮玉米株高、穗位高等农艺性状以及单株叶面积、倒四叶SPAD值和单株干鲜重均高于其他栽培模式,随着栽培行距的增加,青贮玉米冠层中下部透光率有所增加,(60+60)cm等行距栽培下青贮玉米冠层结构布局合理,生物量显著高于其他栽培模式(P=0.003)。不同的栽培模式中,随着行距的增加玉米农艺性状表现良好,(60+60)cm等行距栽培时有利于青贮玉米产量的形成。     

Isolation,Identification and Genotyping of Pasteurella multocida from Fowl Cholera

In order to determine the suspected avian cholera pathogen and geneotypes, bacteria isolation technology was used to isolate and culture pathogenic bacteria, the isolated bacteria were identified by traditional methods and molecular biological methods. Geneotyping of the isolated bacteria were determined using PCR technology and gene sequence analysis. The results demonstrated that the isolated bacteria had typical culture characteristics of Pasteurella multocida (Pm),and the morphology of the colony, the characteristics of cell staining, the physiological and biochemical characteristics were consist with Pm; 457 bp fragment was amplified by PCR. Geneotyping results showed that only A primer amplified the target gene fragment of 1 050 bp, sequence analysis also showed that the isolated bacteria shared 97.6% to 100.0% sequence homology with reference strains, and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolated bacteria and A type Pm were in a branch.The experimental results indicated that the isolated bacteria was identified as capsular serotype A of Pm, the results provided reference for the prevention and control of fowl cholera.     

基于两种生态学理论监控草地质量

准确理解中度干扰假说和冗余结构理论,并将两者有机结合,有助于草地质量的调控。关于这两种生态学理论所取得的相关研究成果,对于认识和理解草地生态系统的结构、功能、演替以及生产潜力具有积极作用,这也使其逐步成为指导草地畜牧业生产实践十分重要的科学依据。阐述了草地质量及其具体表示指标,以及中度干扰假说和冗余结构理论与草地质量的关系,并论述了中度干扰假说和冗余结构理论在封育、中度放牧、毒害草防治等管理措施条件下草地质量变化的生态学过程中的作用。     

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.     

鸭生长激素(GH)基因编码区及调控区多态性分析

根据鸭生长激素基因编码区及调控区的序列设计8对引物,利用PCR-SSCP方法对北京鸭、西湖野鸭、樱桃谷鸭、金定鸭、山麻鸭、荆江鸭、绍兴鸭、缙云麻鸭等8个鸭种进行单核苷酸多态性分析。结果共发现3个突变位点,分别为230处（C→G）、244处（C→A）和3 701处（C→T）。前两处突变位于5′调控区,3 701处突变位于编码区第4外显子,但该编码区的突变是沉默突变,3′调控区表现了高度的保守性。统计结果发现：⑴在5′调控区基因座上,金定鸭的等位基因B频率显著高于其他品种;⑵在外显子4基因座上,基因型频率的分布与品种有关,且肉用型鸭的CC基因型频率显著高于蛋用型。可以推测,本研究所检测到的基因座可能与生产性能相关。     

棉籽饼粕生物脱毒的研究进展

棉籽饼粕是一种重要的蛋白质资源，但因其含有一定量棉酚，影响了利用效果。用适宜的方法脱除或钝化游离棉酚，对开发优质蛋白资源具有重大意义。笔者综述了棉籽饼粕中的有毒物质、目前的生物脱毒研究及其发展前景。     

丁壮素的特点及其作用

丁酸是短链脂肪酸的一种,其抗菌抑菌作用已被广泛认知和接受。抗菌抑菌原理如图1。图1丁酸抗菌抑菌原理由于丁酸脂臭味重、闪点低和挥发性强的特点,工业归类上将其按危险品管理。常温下丁酸呈液态,饲料生产中操作不便,且由于易挥发、计量不好把控,生产上往往把丁酸转化为丁酸盐     

我国畜牧科技信息资源的建设与利用

近年来，我国畜牧业信息化建设取得了长足进展，信息收集、研究、分析和发布体系已经初步形成，从而加强了以市场信息为重点的畜牧业经济信息资源的开发力度，畜牧生产、经营和管理领域应用现代信息技术的水平得到了极大的提高。但随着信息化进程的加快，信息资源的建设愈来愈成为畜牧业信息化发展的瓶颈。     

吐温-80对液氮冷冻处理的双歧杆菌的冻伤保护

向双歧杆菌培养基中添加吐温-80，可增加双歧杆菌的细胞膜柔韧性和弹性。经液氮冷冻处理24h后，测定双歧杆菌细胞漏出液中乳酸脱氢酶的活力，结果表明添加吐温-80，可显著降低细胞培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶的漏出率（p〈0．05），其中以添加0．025％吐温-80的效果尤为明显。     

一个山羊Ⅰ型毛角蛋白基因的序列及其在皮肤中的表达

角蛋白家族包含表皮软角蛋白和毛发硬角蛋白，可以分为酸性Ⅰ型和碱性或中性的Ⅱ型角蛋白亚家族。从构建的成年山羊皮肤cDNA文库和ESTs分析中发现了和与绵羊羊毛角蛋白8C1和人Ⅰ型毛发角蛋白相应cDNA序列高度同源的序列，经序列分析证明是一个山羊毛发特异性角蛋白，命名为山羊Ⅰ型毛角蛋白1（gHa1），Gen Bank序列号为AY510110．1。推导的读码框ORF由413氨基酸组成，与绵羊8C1角蛋白的序列一致性为97．8％。原位杂交显示它在皮肤初级和次级毛囊的皮质层有强烈的表达。