中药保肝解毒汤对试验性铜中毒欧鳗消化器官中蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响

应用生物化学方法研究了由茵陈、龙胆、甘草、大黄及栀子组成的中药保肝解毒汤对铜中毒欧鳗消化道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果显示：（1）健康欧鳗胃、肠的蛋白酶活性分别是肝的22.69倍和56.00倍,肝淀粉酶活性则分别是胃的1.90倍和肠的2.56倍;（2）铜中毒可致胃、肠、肝的蛋白酶活性分别上升了173.27%、658.26%、1014.29%,淀粉酶活性分别上升了236.44%、1656.89%、485.21%;（3）保肝解毒汤对铜中毒欧鳗各消化器官中的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性均有不同程度的显著降低作用。表明中药保肝解毒汤对铜中毒欧鳗蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性具有恢复作用。     

Effects of Addition of Three Types of Biochar on the Soil Nitrogen Balance and Cotton Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of biochar addition on the soil N balance and cotton yield in a drip-irrigated cotton field. The experiment included four soil amendments: control, cotton straw biochar, corn cob biochar, and poultry manure biochar. The biochar was applied at a rate of 4.5 t·hm^－2 except control. The results showed that all three types of biochar significantly reduced both the apparent soil N loss and the N surplus. The effect of cotton straw biochar treatment was most significant, relative to the control. Plant nitrogen uptake differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order cotton straw biochar > poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar. Cotton yield also differed significantly between the different treatments, decreasing in the order poultry manure biochar > corn cob biochar, and cotton straw biochar.     

Genetic analysis of a novel dominant rice dwarf mutant 986083D

This study was to determine the agronomic and genetic characteristics of a novel rice dominant dwarf mutant 986083D (japonica) and its potential in breeding. 986083D derived from the anther culture of an autotetraploid indica/japonica hybrid and its progeny segregated into normal and dwarf plants. Homozygous and heterozygous 986083D plants looked similar phenotypically, showing shortened stature, erect leaves, more tillers and poor fertility. The segregation ratio of dwarf to normal plants fit the expected 3:1 by χ²-test in 77 out of 88 tested lines. Crosses between homozygous 986083D and eight other rice varieties had uniform semi-dwarf F₁ plants. The F₁ plants from crosses between heterozygous 986083D and five other varieties had normal and semi-dwarf plants close to the expected ratio of 1:1. The reduction of plant height in F₁ plants ranged from 40.0 to 53.5% in a subtropical environment and from 37.5 to 48.2% in a temperate environment. 986083D showed moderate sensitivity to exogenously applied GA₃ in terms of elongation of shoots and induction of α-amylase activity in the endosperm. Linkage analysis showed that the dominant dwarf gene (designated as Dx) in 986083D was not allelic to D53. Dx was roughly mapped to the short arm of chromosome 8. All results showed that 986083D was a novel mutant controlled by single dominant gene, providing a valuable material in rice breeding. Ruizhen Qin, Yang Qiu contributed equally to this work.     

水稻‘甬优15’分期播种的气象条件适宜性试验研究

研究旨在通过分期播种试验,得到水稻‘甬优15’在本地播种最适宜播期,以提高其产量及品质。根据2016—2020年龙游国家农业气象试验站‘甬优15’分期播种试验数据和2018—2019年水稻品质数据,通过对比试验,得到‘甬优15’的产量与品质和播期的关系。结果表明：（1）播期对‘甬优15’的全生育天数和灌浆期天数有一定影响,主要表现为播期越晚全生育天数减少,灌浆期延长;（2）22℃是灌浆期水稻正常发育阈值,低于22℃的灌浆期平均气温会明显增加水稻灌浆乳熟时间;（3）‘甬优15’水稻直链淀粉含量普遍在10%左右,较易糊化,蛋白质含量接近7%,口感与营养含量较为平衡;（4）当播期推迟至6月中旬之后,‘甬优15’产量有明显降低,品质也有所下降;（5）‘甬优15’播种期控制在5月下旬6月上旬,能明显改善龙游本地单季晚稻产量。     

苹果籽蛋白与大豆蛋白的营养分析比较

为丰富蛋白质的种类,解决蛋白质资源匮乏的现状,本试验测定了苹果籽的营养成分和氨基酸组成,采用国际上通用的评价方法对其营养进行评价,并与大豆蛋白进行比较。结果表明,苹果籽的营养成分丰富,含有51.23%的粗蛋白质、26.2%的粗脂肪和5.05%的碳水化合物,其蛋白质的含量略高于大豆蛋白46.78%的含量。苹果籽种粗蛋白的氨基酸组成种类齐全,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的34.32%,各种人体必需氨基酸与FAO/WHO提出的理想蛋白质模式进行比较,苹果籽蛋白的IEAA为80.82。必需氨基酸均能满足成人的需要,是一种可以开发的蛋白资源。     

双丙氨磷在橡胶树遗传转化中的应用

本研究以GV3101::pMP90RK为工程菌株,bar基因作为筛选标记基因,研究了双丙氨磷在橡胶树根癌农杆菌介导法转基因体系中对转基因愈伤组织的筛选效果,并利用该体系将橡胶树转录因子HbWRKY5转入橡胶树无性系热研8-79中。实验结果表明,3mg/L双丙氨磷可作为橡胶树转基因体系中抗性愈伤组织筛选的最佳浓度。本研究中共获得了3个抗性愈伤组织系,抗性愈伤经过体细胞胚发生共获得234个体细胞胚,经植株再生培养后共获得22株再生植株。对再生植株进行的PCR鉴定结果表明,所获得的再生植株均为转基因植株。因此,bar基因结合双丙氨磷的筛选体系可以作为橡胶树转化体系中的有效筛选体系。     

Identification of qRL7, a major quantitative trait locus associated with rice root length in hydroponic conditions

Root system development is an important target for improving yield in rice. Active roots that can take up nutrients more efficiently are essential for improving grain yield. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using 215 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Xieqingzao B (XB), a maintainer line with short roots and R9308, a restorer line with long roots. Only a QTLs associated with root length were mapped on chromosomes 7. The QTL, named qRL7, was located between markers RM3859 and RM214 on chromosome 7 and explained 18.14–18.36% of the total phenotypic variance evaluated across two years. Fine mapping of qRL7 using eight BC₃F₃ recombinant lines mapped the QTL to between markers InDel11 and InDel17, which delimit a 657.35 kb interval in the reference cultivar Nipponbare. To determine the genotype classes for the target QTL in these BC₃F₃ recombinants, the root lengths of their BC₃F₄ progeny were investigated, and the result showed that qRL7 plays a crucial role in root length. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the genetic factors controlling root architecture, which will help rice breeders to breed varieties with deep, strong and vigorous root systems.     

Quantitative study on solid slag film’s crystallinity of mould fluxes by using DSC method

The method to determine the crystallinity of solid slag film is established by analyzing the DSC curve of solid slag film and corresponding quenched slag. The accuracy of the method is investigated by measurements of prepared samples whose crystallinity is given. In addition, the solid slag films of mold slags used to cast medium carbon steel and low carbon steel are obtained by heat flux simulator in laboratory, and the crystallinity of the two kinds of slag film are also measured by DSC method. Experimental results indicates that the crystallinity of solid slag film can be determined by comparing the crystallization enthalpy of solid slag film and corresponding quenched slag during heating process, and the relative error is within 5.03%. For medium carbon steel, the crystalline fraction of solid slag film is 88.6%, while the crystalline fraction of solid slag film corresponding to low carbon steel is 55.0%. The results are consistent with actual structure of solid slag films.     

稻田甲烷排放与减排的研究进展

水稻作为最主要的粮食作物之一,对保证粮食供应和社会稳定起十分积极的作用。但稻田也是农田甲烷排放的主要来源,对全球温室效应有重要作用。从稻田甲烷排放机理、影响稻田甲烷排放的因素以及稻田甲烷减排的技术措施等方面综述了稻田甲烷的研究进展,并提出了未来开展稻田甲烷的研究方向,以期为进一步控制稻田甲烷排放提供一定参考。     

霍山石斛试管丛生芽增殖影响因素的探讨

为了更好地保护霍山石斛野生资源,变野生为家种。本试验以霍山石斛试管丛生芽为试验材料,采用3因素3水平L9（33）正交设计方案,考察BA、NAA、KT不同激素及浓度对霍山石斛试管丛生芽继代增殖的影响。试验结果表明：植物激素BA、NAA、KT对霍山石斛试管丛生芽的增殖均有一定影响,其中NAA及KT的影响更为明显,并通过SAS软件统计分析确定三种植物激素的最佳浓度配比分别为：BA 1.5 mg/L,NAA 1.0 mg/L,KT 1.0 mg/L,即霍山石斛试管丛生芽继代增殖的最佳培养基配方为：MS+BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 1.0 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L+食糖30.0 g/L+琼脂 8.0 g/L。