Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

美国杏李人工投粉试验初报

美国杏李中一些品种自花授粉不结实，必须配置授粉树或进行人工辅助授粉。授粉方法，用2．5kg蔗糖＋0．15kg硼砂＋20g花粉＋50kg水配成溶液喷雾。各授粉品种组合、授粉效果从优到劣的排列顺序为：风味皇后♀×恐龙蛋♂、风味皇后♀×味厚♂风味皇后♀9×味王♂。     

两性异型红隼的子代性比研究

Fisher经典的性比分配理论预测:如果双亲繁殖雄性和雌性子代的代价相同,那么子代的性比应趋于平衡.然而,性比组成是长期进化的结果,常因不同因素的影响而出现偏离.文献报道猛禽由于存在不同形式的两性异型现象而导致子代性比常出现偏离,但子代性比偏离方向因种而异.本研究中我们对红隼(Falco tinnunculus)子代的性比组成进行了调查,目的是检验红隼子代性比是否受产卵日期、产卵顺序、卵重、出雏顺序或窝卵数影响.在窝水平上,红隼(雄性)的初级性比为47.0%,没有偏离0.5,但次级性比为40.8%,显著偏离0.5(p=0.029).在种群水平上,初级性比和次级性比都没有出现偏离.窝卵数和卵重影响红隼的次级性比组成,窝卵数越大,雄性后代数量越多,且发育为雄性后代的卵重较发育为雌性后代的重.初级性比和次级性比都受到产卵日期的影响,产卵越早,雄性后代比例越高.     

柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍状况的主分量分析

采用主分量分析（PCA）方法对柴达木盆地弃耕地盐渍化状况进行了研究，结果表明，该地属于中重度氯化物盐渍地、耕作层含盐量在0．5％－4．0％之间，盐分表聚强烈，基本无自然淋溶过程。耕作层第一、二主分量显著，累计贡献率高达95．0％左右，反映了该区土壤含盐量及盐离子分布规律，认为全盐量、Cl^-,Mg^2＋是该弃耕地盐渍环境的特征因子。     

金太阳、意大利1号杏品种在不同砧树上的高接反应

2002~2004年研究了不同砧树品种对高接金太阳和意大利1号杏适宜穗/砧组合的技术。试验结果表明:金太阳和意大利1号等欧美杏品种高接在白杏、倒柳杏、麦黄杏、玉杏等中国杏上嫁接成活率均较高,达86.9%~97.2%;较好的穗/砧组合为:金太阳/玉杏/山杏、金太阳/白杏/山杏、金太阳/麦黄/山杏;但是,高接意大利1号的后期均有不同程度的不亲和现象,抗逆性差,因此,意大利1号高接换种要慎重,最好以山杏为砧木。     

芸薹种作物抽薹相关基因BrFLC1的CAPS标记

以16份芸薹种作物DH系为试材,通过人工春化处理对其抽薹性状进行了鉴定,明确了材料间抽薹早晚存在显著差异;根据BrFLC1基因序列设计引物进行PCR扩增发现,所有16份材料均获得980 bp的片段。多序列比对与抽薹性的关联分析发现,材料的抽薹早晚与扩增片段的碱基变异相关联,并发现关联位点的碱基变异为限制性内切酶Mva I的识别位点;利用该酶对PCR产物酶切可以将材料明显区分开来,从而建立了BrFLC1基因的CAPS标记（命名为G-Mva I）。利用此标记对96份芸薹种作物DH材料的验证表明,该基因的分子标记结果与抽薹时间表型显著相关,用该标记可以进行分子标记辅助选择。     

Five decades of glacier changes in the Hulugou Basin of central Qilian Mountains,Northwest China

The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in the arid regions of Northwest China. Glaciers provide a large proportion of water resources for human production and living. Studies of glacier changes and their impact on water resources in the arid lands are of vital importance. A joint expedition was carried out in 2010 for investigating glaciers in the Hulugou Basin, which is located in the upper reaches of Heihe River. Therefore, glacier changes in the Hulugou Basin of central Qilian Mountains during the past 50 years were analyzed in this study by comparing topographic maps, satellite images, digital elevation models and field observation data from different periods. Results showed that the total area of the 6 glaciers in the Hulugou Basin decreased by 0.590±0.005 km2 during the period 1956–2011, corresponding to a loss of 40.7% over the total area in 1956. The average area reduction rate of the 6 glaciers is 0.011 km2/a. During the past five decades, the glacier shrinkage was accelerated. The changes in glacier ice surface elevation ranged from –15 to 3 m with an average thinning of 10±8 m or an annual decrease of 0.23±0.18 m(0.20±0.15 m/a water equivalent) for the period 1956–2000. The area of Shiyi Glacier in the Hulugou Basin decreased from 0.64 km2 in 1956 to 0.53 km2 in 2011 with a reduction rate of 17.2%. The Shiyi Glacier had been divided into two separated glaciers because of severe melting. Comparative analysis showed that glacier shrinkage in the Hulugou Basin is more serious than that in the other regions of Qilian Mountains.     

蚕粉复合物对小鼠若干生理指标的影响

以小鼠为试验动物 ,对以全蚕粉为主要成分的降血糖复合物 (SPC)的生理作用和药效进行了探讨。结果表明 ,该复合物可以显著降低小鼠的食后血糖 ,并能提高小鼠抗疲劳能力和耐力 ,对小鼠的生长发育、繁殖等无不良影响 ,未发现有任何毒副作用。     

1-MCP对灵武长枣果肉软化与褐变的影响及其通径分析

[目的]明确采后1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)处理对灵武长枣果肉硬度和褐变度的调控机制及其主要作用因子.[方法]通过比较不同1-MCP处理灵武长枣的果实硬度、褐变度及细胞壁果胶、总酚、叶绿素、可溶性糖含量等相关理化指标的变化情况,利用相关性分析、多元回归分析和通径分析方法分析不同...     

酵母富集微量元素铜的研究

酵母细胞具有富集某些微量元素的能力,它能将富集的无机态铜转化为有机态形式。采用富集培养方法,从22株酵母菌株中筛选出2株富集高含量铜的酵母菌,对其铜含量进行测定。结果表明：铜含量分别达到7．7mpdkg和7．9mpdkg,适宜的铜盐为氯化铜,其添加的离子浓度为90mpdkg。