四君子汤对脾虚大鼠空肠黏膜损伤的修复作用及机制

通过检测脾虚大鼠空肠中PCNA和IGF-1的表达,探讨四君子汤对脾虚大鼠空肠黏膜修复的影响。试验分对照组、脾虚组、四君子颗粒治疗组和治疗对照组,每组采取空肠中段作样本;H.E.染色法观察空肠组织结构,免疫组织化学法检测PCNA和IGF-1的表达。脾虚组大鼠空肠绒毛长度、隐窝深度极显著降低(P<0.01);四君子颗粒治疗组大鼠绒毛长度、隐窝深度的显著高于治疗对照组(P<0.05)。脾虚组大鼠空肠中PCNA、IGF-1阳性细胞数极显著增加(P<0.01);四君子颗粒治疗组PCNA、IGF-1阳性细胞个数显著高于治疗对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,四君子汤可以促进脾虚模型大鼠空肠的修复过程。     

黄土丘陵区不同植被恢复模式对沟谷地土壤碳氮磷元素的影响

选取黄土丘陵区3种代表性植被恢复模式的沟谷地样地:人工刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)林沟谷地(G-Rp),人工柠条(Caragana korshinskii)灌丛沟谷地(G-Ck)和天然草地沟谷地(G-Ng).通过分析沟谷地5个坡位样带的土壤样品,评价了不同植被恢复模式对沟谷地土壤碳氮磷元素的影响.结果表明:3种植被恢复模式对沟谷地土壤有机碳和全氮的含量及储量具有显著的改善作用,对土壤全磷含量及储量略有减少的影响,其中柠条灌丛沟谷地土壤磷相对于对照(坡耕地)减少达显著差异(P<0.05);土壤碳氮磷的含量及储量在沟谷地的空间分布存在显著差异(P<0.05),总体呈由上到下递增趋势(除G-Rp沟底);沟谷地土壤碳氮元素间呈正向和极显著的线性相关关系(P<0.0001).在黄土丘陵区沟谷地地貌单元实施植被恢复,可显著地提高沟谷地土壤的碳汇和氮素储量.     

玉树高寒草甸不同利用方式下土壤微生物的特征

连续2年对青海玉树高寒草甸的3种不同利用草地(天然草地、灭鼠草地、灭鼠+围封草地)的微生物类群及微生物量碳、氮、磷空间含量及变化特征进行了研究,分析不同利用方式下土壤微生物特征及其变化规律.以探讨不同利用措施对玉树退化草地土壤微生物的影响.结果表明:同一利用方式下,不同土壤层(0~5, 5~10和10~15 cm)土壤各微生物类群主要分布在土壤表层,且数量均随着土壤深度增加而减少.不同利用方式下,同一土壤层内,灭鼠和灭鼠+围封草地对土壤细菌、真菌与放线菌和微生物各氮素类群数量有一定的促进作用;微生物量碳、氮和磷含量均表现为灭鼠和灭鼠+围封草地显著高于天然草地;各草地类型中微生物数量是细菌>放线菌>真菌.表明天然草地经灭鼠和围封处理利用时均有利于草地土壤中微生物的活动,有利于草地的自然更新和保护物种多样性.     

供磷水平对‘热研5号'柱花草-根瘤菌共生体系的影响

为研究不同供磷水平对热研5号柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis‘Reyan No.5')-根瘤菌共生体系的影响,利用水培试验对接种7株不同根瘤菌的柱花草进行3个磷浓度的处理,通过对柱花草干重、植株含氮量、根瘤数、固氮酶活性的测定及分析确定磷对共生体系的影响。结果表明:低磷不利于柱花草及根瘤菌共生体系的生长;菌株YM11-1,FS3-1-1在高磷时固氮促生效果最佳,菌株LZ3 2,RJS9-2,BS1-1,CJ1则在中等磷条件下固氮促生效果最佳,磷对菌株PN13-3的影响不大。     

Effects of Feeding Different Dietary Crude Protein and Digestible Energy to Yili Mares during Late Lactation Stage on Growth Development and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Foals

In this paper, thirty Yili mares aged 11 to 12 years with weighing 410 kg ± 30 kg, parity of 4 to 5 in third lactation month were selected, and were randomly divided into six groups, each group with five repeats.Two factors quadratic regression orthogonal rotational combination design was adopted to evaluate the effects of feeding different dietary CP and DE to mares on growth development and blood biochemical parameters of foals.Daily DE and CP feeding levels of the 6 groups were 92 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.20 kg/d, 92 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, 107 MJ/d and 1.35 kg/d, 125 MJ/d and 1.44 kg/d, 115 MJ/d and 1.55 kg/d, respectively.The results showed that body weight, body height, chest circumference and cannon circumference of foals of four and five months were not significant affected by maternal protein and energy intake (P>0.05).As compared with ration contained high DE (125 MJ/d) and low CP (1.20 kg/d), feeding with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) improved body length of foals of four and five months significantly (P<0.05).From the blood biochemical parameters, such as total protein, albumin, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, there were no significant differences among all groups (P>0.05).Mares fed with ration contained moderate DE (107 MJ/d) and CP (1.35 kg/d) obviously improved the aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid level.In summary, Yili mares during lactation late stage fed with 1.35 kg/d CP and 107 MJ/d DE daily could significantly improve body length development of foals, and foals nitrogen metabolism was altered by maternal dietary nutrition through increasing blood aspartate aminotransferase activity.     

Bioinformatics Analysis of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP4) of Sheep

The assay was aimed to explore the biological characteristics of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) of sheep,NCBI,DNAMAN DNAStar,TMHMM Server v.2.0,PsortⅡ,SignalP various bioinformatical softwares were used to speculate the physical and chemical properties,hydrophobic property,phosphorylation site,conservative structure domain,protein secondary structure of BMP4 protein.Also,the three-dimensional structure was forecasted with the SWISS-MODEL Workspace software.The results indicated that the BMP4 of sheep had high homologies with the BMP4 of various species.The encoded protein was a hydrophilic protein which was unstable.There was no transmembrane regions and it was likely to be located in the nucleus.What was more,there was signal peptide and eighteen phosphorylation sites.Through the forecast of functional domains,the protein had two functional domains,including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily and TGF-beta propeptide superfamily.The result was consistent with the function of BMP4 gene family,it also demonstrated that BMP4 was a growth factor and it had the function of signal transduction.The amino acid homology between the predicted 3D structure of protein and template 3bmp.1.A was 88.29%.The bioinformatics analysis of BMP4 gene could provide reference for the further study in practice.     

Identification and Molecular Characteristics Analysis of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variants

To ascertain a diarrhea case in a pig farm in Shandong province,the pathological changes of dead piglets were observed and nested RT-PCR test was carried out on 7 diarrhea samples for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV).Pathological examination revealed that intestine was detected as enlargement,hyperemia and edema.After histological examination,the typical microscopic lesions of intestine were disappearance of epithelial cells,villus shrinkage and shortening.The result of nested RT-PCR showed that all of the 7 samples could amplify a specific target band of PEDV.Molecular characteristics of two field strains showed that they had an amino acid homology of 92.3% to 92.4% with vaccine CV777 and 96.6% to 98.6% with other previous field strains which sequences were downloaded from GenBank.Phylogenetic tree analysis further revealed that all of PEDV strains could be mainly divided into two clusters of G1 and G2. G2 consisted of the field strains of our study and other field strains from USA,China and so on,which had the same sequence characteristics of two insertions and one deletion,while G1 consisted of all vaccines of CV777 and several older field strains from China and Korea.These results indicated that our field strains were the dominant strains in recent epidemic diarrhea occurrence.Moreover,its molecular characteristics might be a characterization of differentiating the field and vaccine strains.     

喷雾干燥技术制备饲用乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研究进展

乳酸菌微胶囊技术是将核心菌体包覆于胃不溶、肠溶性的安全、特殊壁材中,可增加菌体对不良环境(胃液、胆盐等)的抵抗力,使其顺利到达肠道以发挥益生作用,且利于储存、加工和运输。利用喷雾干燥技术进行微胶囊制备具有包被速率快、生产成本低、适用于连续化生产等优点,但由于其存在较高进出口风温度及快速脱水过程,对于饲用乳酸菌的微胶囊制备在壁材物质及制备参数等方面具有严格的要求。为此,作者从工艺过程、壁材选择、工艺参数选择及其产品效果分析等方面,对近年来喷雾干燥技术在乳酸菌微胶囊制备方面进行了综述,以期为推动乳酸菌微胶囊制剂的研制及其在动物生产中的应用提供依据。     

Preliminary Study on NF-κB Signaling Pathway Regulating Brucella Intracellular Survival Molecular Mechanisms

By the infection of Brucella virulent strain and attenuated strain in mice macrophage RAW264.7,the assay was aimed to explore the relationship between NF-κB signaling pathways and Brucella virulent strain and attenuated strain in intracellular survival.Use different MOI Brucella (2308,RB51,16M and M5) to infect mice macrophage RAW264.7,after 0,4,8 and 24 h infected,cracking cell and collecting supernatant,we detected the effect of Brucella on activation of NF-κB signaling pathway by Western blotting.Different concentrations of NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor were incubated with mice macrophage RAW264.7,with different multiplicities of infection (MOI) of Brucella infecting cells,ELISA kits to detect the expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 cytokine;At the same time,count the number of intracellular bacteria of CFU.The results showed that rough cattle Brucella strains RB51 could strongly activate NF-κB signaling pathway,smooth cattle Brucella strains 2308 was weak in the activation;At the same time,the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was concentration dependent.When the MOI was 80,infection time was 8 h,NF-κB activation degrees of rough cattle Brucella strains RB51 and smooth cattle Brucella strains 2308 were the strongest,and this pathway was involved in producing TNF-α and IL-6;NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor BAY11-7082 affected Brucella intracellular survival.So rough cattle Brucella strains RB51 intracellular survival and NF-κB signaling pathway activity were closely related.The results laid the foundation for the further study of Brucella intracellular pathogenesis,also provided scientific basis for the research of new drugs to Brucella,and prevention and treatment of brucellosis.     

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cervus elaphus Using AMELY Gene in Y Chromosome

In order to determine the genetic diversity in Cervus elaphus using AMELY gene in Y chromosome,200 blood samples from Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus,Cervus elaphus songaricus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis populations were collected and AMELY genes were sequenced in this study.The haplotype diversity of Y chromosome was analyed,phylogenetic tree was built to explore the genetic diversity and the paternal origins about Cervus elaphus.The results showed that:Cervus elaphus yarkandensis had the most variation sites and the highest nucleotide diversity.The genetic distance between Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and other Cervus elaphus were far.6 haplotypes were identified in this study,named as A1,A2,A3,A4,A5 and A6,respectively.Cervu elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus asiaticus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis had separate haplotype.The NJ and ML phylogenetic trees showed that Cervus elaphus songaricus,Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus kansuensis clustered together which Cervus elaphus yarkandensis and Cervus elaphus kansuensis were form a department,separately.Cervus elaphus asiaticus,Cervus elaphus xanthopygus and Cervus elaphus yarkandensis clustered into one branches and there might be gene exchange among Cervus elaphus yarkandensis,Cervus elaphus kansuensis and other Cervus elaphus.