Changes in selected serum parameters of broiler chicken fed supplemental chromium

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium (Cr) from Cr yeast on the growth performance and total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, total protein and Cr concentration in the serum of broiler chicken. The birds were fed a control diet or a control diet supplemented with Cr at a level of 300, 500 microg/kg Cr. The supplementation of 500 mug/kg Cr increased body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency (p < 0.05). In addition, supplementation with Cr decreased the serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglycerides (p < 0.05) and glucose (p < 0.05) concentrations whereas serum HDL cholesterol increased. Serum total protein and serum Cr concentration slightly but not significantly increased in both Cr groups. The study suggest that Cr supplementation particularly at 500 microg/kg Cr from Cr yeast can influence on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of broiler chicken and can be used as additives in animal diet but it still needs more investigations.     

2006年蜂产品原料市场回顾

2006年因蜂产品原料供求关系发生变化,大部分蜂产品原料供少于求,引起价格上涨.现分述如下.     

Genotype x environmental interaction for mature size and rate of maturing for Angus,Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing bermudagrass or endophyte infected fescue

Mature weight and rate of maturing were estimated in 177 Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal-cross cows grazing bermudagrass or endophyte-infected tall fescue over a 4-yr period to evaluate genotype x environment interactions. Data were collected every 28 d until cows were approximately 18 mo of age and then at prebreeding, postcalving, and weaning of calf. All cows with weight data to at least 42 mo of age were included in the analysis. Mature weight and rate of maturing were estimated using the three-parameter growth curve model described by Brody (1945). Data were pooled over year and analyzed by the general linear model procedure of SAS. Included in the models for mature weight and rate of maturing were the independent variables of genotype, environment, and genotype x environment interaction. There was a genotype x environment interaction (P < 0.01) for mature body weight (BW) but not for rate of maturing. Angus cows grazing fescue pastures had greater (P < 0.01) mean mature BW than Angus x Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass (611 +/- 17 vs 546 +/- 16 kg). Angus x Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass had lower (P < 0.05) mean mature BW than Brahman x Angus cows grazing bermudagrass or endophyte-infected fescue and Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass (546 +/- 16 vs 624 +/- 19, 614 +/- 22 and 598 +/- 20 kg, respectively). Brahman cows grazing endophyte-infected fescue had smaller (P < 0.05) mean mature BW than all genotype x forage combinations except for Angus x Brahman cows grazing bermudagrass. Angus cows had a smaller (P < 0.05) mean rate of maturing than Angus x Brahman and Brahman x Angus cows (0.039 +/- 0.002 vs 0.054 +/- 0.002 and 0.049 +/- 0.002%/mo, respectively), respectively, and Angus x Brahman cows had a larger (P < 0.05) mean rate of maturing than Brahman x Angus and Brahman cows (0.054 +/- 0.002 vs 0.049 +/- 0.002 and 0.041 +/- 0.002 %/mo, respectively). There was a direct breed x forage interaction (P < 0.05) for mature BW. These data suggest that the choice of breed type is important in maintaining a crossbreeding program, in that mature BW and rate of maturing are critical to the matching of animal requirements to available production resources.     

miR-127和miR-136在转基因克隆绵羊胎盘中的表达分析及其靶基因的鉴定

克隆动物胎盘发育缺陷是造成动物克隆效率低下的一个重要原因。目前认为克隆胎盘发育异常通常是由于一些基因表达的异常所致,与表观遗传修饰有关。microRNA是一种重要的表观遗传修饰方式,对动物胚胎发育和胎盘的形成有着重要的调控作用。为研究miR-127和miR-136在克隆动物胎盘中的表达情况及其与克隆动物发育缺陷的关系,本实验运用荧光定量PCR分析了死亡克隆绵羊胎盘和同期普通绵羊胎盘组织中miR-127和miR-136的相对表达量,并鉴定了miR-127和miR-136的靶基因及靶基因在胎盘中的表达情况。结果显示,miR-127和miR-136在克隆绵羊胎盘中的表达量分别增加了3.1和2.8倍。EGFP荧光敲除实验证实,胎盘发育相关基因Rtl1是miR-127和miR-136的靶基因,同时定量PCR分析发现Rtl1基因在克隆绵羊胎盘中的表达量降低了3/5。结果说明,miR-127和miR-136在克隆胎盘中的异常表达可导致Rtl1基因的低表达,这很可能是导致克隆动物死亡的一个重要原因。     

Identification of polymorphisms and association analysis with meat quality traits in the porcine KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B genes

Skeletal muscle genes are potential candidates for production and meat quality. Screening a subtracted cDNA library constructed with mRNA obtained from longissimus dorsi muscles of F1 hybrids Landrace × Yorkshire and their female parents Yorkshire, we isolated two partial sequences coding for the H3-K4-specific methyltransferase (KIAA1717) and skeletal muscle myosin regulatory light chain (HUMMLC2B) genes. Database search revealed KIAA1717 and HUMMLC2B encoded proteins with SET domain and EF-hand calcium binding motif, respectively. In the present work we identified their partial polymorphisms and two SNPs, one (C1354T) at the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of KIAA1717 and one (A345G) at the SINE (PRE-1) element of HUMMLC2B, both created/disrupted a restriction site for endonuclease Msp I. The selected pigs were genotyped at the KIAA1717 C1354T and HUMMLC2B A345G sites by means of a PCR-RFLP protocol. Significant associations were observed for the KIAA1717 C1354T polymorphic site with meat marbling (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)) and intramuscular fat (p < 0.01). HUMMLC2B A345G were significantly associated with meat pH (longissimus doris (p < 0.05), biceps femoris (p < 0.01)), drip loss (p < 0.01), water holding capacity (p < 0.01) and meat color value (longissimus doris (p < 0.01), biceps femoris (p < 0.05)). Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.     

鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝理化性状的比较研究

为了明确鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的理化性能,采用六个庄口的蚕茧分别缫制的鲜茧生丝和干茧生丝,进行生丝样品的器械检测.结果表明,来源不同庄口的鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝,其清洁、洁净、断裂强度、断裂伸长率、切断、丝胶溶失率等性能无明显差异,而干茧生丝的抱合性能优于鲜茧生丝.鲜茧生丝与干茧生丝的热学性能和丝蛋白结构也无明显差异.     

基施硒钴配合肥对苜蓿生产性能的影响

经过2006-2008年为期3年在硒钴缺乏的河南省郑州市黄河滩区苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)草地上基施硒钴配合肥料,研究对其生产性能的影响,以期改善苜蓿生长环境和提高苜蓿产量和品质。结果表明,硒钴配合基施均能够显著提高现蕾到开花期苜蓿叶面积指数和净光合能力(P<0.05),提高苜蓿单位叶面积生产干物质的速率,有利于苜蓿的花前青干草生产;在4种硒钴配施肥中,以硒量570 g/hm²、钴量762 g/hm²配施效果最显著,2年内牧草平均增产8.0%(P<0.05),种子的千粒重提高了12.5%(P<0.01),耕作层地下生物量提高了4.6%。     

Neutrophil apoptosis during the resolution of bovine mammary gland injury

The role of neutrophil apoptosis in the resolution of bovine mammary gland injury induced by intramammary administration of physiological buffered saline (PBS) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated. Twenty mammary glands of five non-pregnant heifers were used in the two studies and each animal received both stimuli. Samples of cell populations were collected by mammary gland lavages before and 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after treatment and examined by light microscopy and staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO). A marked influx of neutrophils into the mammary gland was observed 24 hours after stimulation. At the same time, apoptotic neutrophils and MPO-positive macrophages (MAC) were identified in the samples. The numbers increased to reach maximum values at 48 hours after stimulation with PBS and at 72 hours after stimulation with LPS. The observed differences in the length of the resolution period indicate that neutrophil viability can be modulated by delaying the apoptotic process. Apoptosis of neutrophils and their subsequent phagocytosis by MAC can be regarded as a significant mechanism in the removal of neutrophils from the acutely injured mammary glands and, hence, in the resolution of bovine mastitis.     

情感教育与化学作文

在新课程标准中明确提出了情感态度与价值观的教学目标,那么什么是情感教育,在古代和现代,人们对情感教育又有怎样的认识。我们是怎样来看待情感教育的,实施情感教育的价值何在。在实施新课标的过程中,通过利用化学学科文理兼容的性质,在教学中运用“化学作文”来培养学生的情感态度,激发学生的学习兴趣。文中以物质的量为知识背景,利用微粒个数、阿伏伽德罗常数、物质的量、常数6．02×10^23这4个物理量创设了一个化学情景,对化学作文进行了一次小的尝试,从尝试中笔者感受到了学生丰富的化学情感和奇妙的想象以及他们对化学的喜爱。