杨树生长量与滩地高程关系的研究

根据同一滩地、不同高程杨树林一个轮伐期的定位观测,杨树造林保存率和材积生长量均随滩地高程降低、淹水时间增加而减小。东南湖滩地根据其杨树宜林性分为3类:①高位滩地,适于建速生丰产林基地;②中位滩地,可作一般用材林、防浪林、抑螺林的造林;③低位滩地,一般不宜直接用于杨树造林。     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in diets for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea

A growth experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of fish meal (FM) by meat and bone meal (MBM) in diets on the growth and body composition of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g^− 1) diets replacing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75% FM protein by MBM protein were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish in sea floating cages (1.0 × 1.0 × 1.5 m), and each cage was stocked with 180 fish (initial average weight of 1.88 ± 0.02 g). Fish were fed twice daily (05:00 and 17:30) to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The water temperature ranged from 26.5 to 32.5 °C, salinity from 32 to 36‰, and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg l^− 1 during the experimental period. Survival decreased with increasing dietary MBM and the survival in the fish fed the diet with 75% protein from MBM was significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in specific growth rate (SGR) among the fish fed the diets with 0 (the control group), 15, 30 and 45% protein from MBM. However, SGR in the fish fed the diets with 60 and 75% protein from MBM were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences in feeding rate were observed among dietary treatments. The digestibility experiment showed that the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, protein, lipid and energy of MBM were significantly lower compared with those of FM (P < 0.05). Essential amino acid index was found to be correlated positively with SGR in the present study, suggesting that essential amino acid balance was important. Body composition analysis showed that the carcass protein and essential amino acids were not significantly affected by dietary MBM. The lipid and n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) in fish muscle, however, significantly decreased with increasing dietary MBM. These results showed that 45% of FM protein could be replaced by MBM protein in diets of large yellow croaker without significantly reducing growth. It was suggested that the reduced growth with higher MBM was due to lower digestibility and imbalance of essential amino acids.     

Effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on physiological response of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

The study assessed the effects of surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters on physiological response of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in April 2011. Before the surgery, 15 blood samples were extracted randomly from 195 bighead carp samples, and then the rest of the fish were divided into three groups: (1) control group, handing but no tagging, (2) sham group, surgical procedure without implantation of transmitter and (3) surgery group, surgical implantation of transmitters. In 3 h, 24 h, 7 days and 14 days after surgery, 15 fish were extracted randomly from the three groups, respectively, for sampling. Then the plasma samples were analyzed, and physiological measures of stress response (cortisol, glucose), tissue damage [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)] and nutritional status [total protein, globulin, albumin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] were compared. The result showed that there was no significant difference between sham and surgery groups in 3 h, 24 h, 7 days and 14 days after surgery. When compared to the control group, there were significant increases in concentrations of plasma cortisol, glucose, ALT, AST, total protein and globulin of sham and surgery groups in 3 h after surgery. After 24 h, the levels of plasma cortisol, ALT, AST, total protein, globulin and ALP were elevated in both sham and surgery groups, whereas the levels of plasma glucose had declined to normal level and plasma albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in both sham and surgery groups. After 7 days, the levels of plasma glucose, albumin and cholesterol continued to decline, while the level of plasma ALT, globulin and ALP had declined but still remained higher for sham and surgery groups than control group; however, the plasma total protein level had returned to normal. After 14 days, there was no significant difference between the three groups. The above results showed that surgical implantation of ultrasonic transmitters had indeed caused significantly negative effects on the physiological response of bighead carp. However, all the negative influences on stress response, tissue damage and nutritional status had disappeared in 14 days after surgery, and the presence of transmitters had no significant negative impact. Therefore, the bighead carp should be temporary cultured at least 14 days for the recovery of physiological response and then released into the free water for the ultrasonic telemetry research.     

Effects of glycinin on growth performance,immunity and antioxidant capacity in juvenile golden crucian carp,Cyprinus carpio × Carassius auratus

This study was designed to examine the effects of glycinin on growth, digestive ability, immune responses, antioxidant capacity and gene expression levels of golden crucian carp. Golden crucian carp were fed diets containing glycinin at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/kg, respectively, for 8 weeks. Body weight, weight gain percentage, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet. Activities of protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme in hepatopancreas, and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity in the proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diet, whereas malondialdehyde in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet. Furthermore, the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in proximal intestine, mid intestine and distal intestine increased directly with the content of glycinin in diet, whereas the relative expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in hepatopancreas were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. The relative expressions of IL‐10 in proximal intestine, mid intestine, distal intestine and hepatopancreas all were negatively related to the content of glycinin in diets. In conclusion, reductions in growth, immunity and antioxidant capacity, intestine inflammation with dysfunction of digestive system occurred in golden crucian carp that fed a diet containing glycinin at 30 g/kg or higher after 8 weeks.     

鲤促性腺激素放射免疫测定方法的改进——聚乙二醇的应用

本文报道一种快速的鲤促性腺激素放射免疫测定法。用微晶纤维素提纯^125I-促性腺激素和采用聚乙二醇分离游离的和与抗体结合的抗原。     

优质抗寒、抗病酿造葡萄新品种‘北红’

 ‘北红’葡萄新品种由‘玫瑰香’与‘山葡萄’杂交育成。浆果在北京地区9月底成熟。果粒圆形,蓝黑色,果粒质量1.57g,果穗质量160.0 g,浆果可溶性固形物含量23.8 %～ 27.0 %,含酸量0.89～1.26 %。早果性及丰产性强。抗寒、抗病能力特强。酿成的酒深宝石红色,酒体平衡,酒质上等。     

苹果密植园修剪存在的问题及解决途径

上世纪九十年代中期洛宁发展的苹果园大多果园采用了3×5米中密栽培,有部分矮化果园采用了3×4m,矮化树短枝型品种多为2×4m或2×3m,亩栽44—100株极为普遍。但是在生产上多数还沿有过去乔化稀植的传统整形与修剪方法,造成部分树生长过旺,条子太多,养分浪费较大,树冠交叉郁闭,通风透光不好,上强下弱,果品质量差,落叶病及虫害难以防治,致密植园既不能早产也不能丰产。我们对密植园在修剪中存在的问题进行了调研,探索出了一套解决问题的办法,在实践上取得了良好效果。     

我国秸秆人造板工业的发展现状及前景展望

分析了我国发展农作物秸秆人造板工业的必要性和可行性,概述了我国秸秆人造板工业的发展现状及发展过程中应注意的问题,并对我国秸秆人造板工业的发展前景进行了分析和展望,认为我国的秸秆人造板工业发展前景广阔,并将进入一个快速发展时期.     

施用生防颗粒剂对大豆田土壤线虫群落结构和生物多样性的影响

针对大豆生长期内土壤线虫的变化，利用自行研制的生防颗粒剂豆丰一号对大豆田土壤线虫的群落结构和生物多样性进行了研究，共鉴定出5目14科的土壤线虫，其中植物寄生线虫是大豆根际土壤线虫的优势营养类群。与对照相比，生防颗粒剂处理在大豆的整个生育期抑制了土壤线虫总量和植物寄生线虫群体数量，但在大豆生育末期促进了食细茵线虫和杂食—捕食性营养类群的增加。应用多样性指数H’、成熟度指数MI、均匀度指数J’、丰富度指数SR、优势度指数l和植物寄生线虫成熟度指数PPI分析比较了处理区和对照区土壤线虫生物多样性变化规律，其中，多样性指数H’、丰富度指数SR和成熟度指数MI较好的反映了生防颗粒剂的施用对大豆田土壤线虫生物多样性的促进作用。     

2,4-D、Dicamba和KT对小麦成熟胚离体培养的影响

为了建立优良小麦品种遗传转化的高效组织培养体系,以扬麦158和郑麦9023成熟胚为外植体,探讨了Dicamba和2,4-D及KT对小麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导和再生的影响。结果表明,Dicamba和2,4-D的愈伤组织诱导率最低为88.7%,最高可达95.1%,处理间无显著差异。不同激素诱导的愈伤组织在添加KT的培养基上分化时,再生率存在显著差异。两种基因型小麦用Dicamba诱导的愈伤组织比2,4-D诱导的愈伤组织具有更高的再生率。在分化培养时,培养基中添加5mg·L-1 KT比添加3mg·L-1的分化效果更好,但不同浓度KT对愈伤组织分化的效果因诱导激素的配比和基因型而异。扬麦158的综合指标更优,平均再生率可达20.1%,比郑麦9023高6.6%;采用4mg·L-1 Dicamba进行愈伤组织诱导,配合5mg·L-1KT分化培养更有利于小麦成熟胚离体培养。