M增产素对小麦抗旱性的影响

通过Ｍ增产素对小麦进行浸种和抽穗开花期喷洒处理，重点研究了对小麦后期水分生理指标、叶绿素含量、外渗电导值以及产量等的影响．结果表明，处理明显地改善了小麦的水分状况、降低了电解质外渗率，有明显的保绿作用，防止叶片早衰、增产效果显著。     

空间视角下数字乡村建设对农民农村共同富裕的影响研究

实现农民农村共同富裕是扎实推进全体人民共同富裕的关键所在,数字乡村建设对解决城乡收入差距、推动农民农村共同富裕具有重要意义。本研究基于2011－2021年中国30个省（区、市）的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型和偏微分分解方法,深入分析了数字乡村建设对农民农村共同富裕的空间溢出效应的规模、范围和作用路径。结果表明：2011－2021年我国数字乡村建设水平和农民农村共同富裕水平总体上不断提升,但存在明显“东高中西低”的空间差异特征。农民农村共同富裕具有显著的空间集聚特征,主要表现为“高－高”和“低－低”两种集聚模式。数字乡村建设对农民农村共同富裕存在显著正向影响,且这一影响存在正向空间溢出效应。此外,数字乡村建设对农民农村共同富裕的影响存在区域异质性,东部地区的空间溢出效应强于中西部地区,且这种溢出效应存在衰减特征,其中,400 km和900 km分别为空间溢出效应密集区和溢出效应边界的半径距离。因此,在利用数字致富的过程中需要明晰农村经济发展阶段,着力解决好发展不平衡问题,因地制宜制定相应政策,破除地区间数字信息溢出壁垒。     

黄瓜早熟育种中数量性状间相关及遗传分析

选用差异较大的黄瓜纯系,研究了14个农艺性状和生理生化性状之间的相互关系。2年的试验表明:早期产量同各农艺性状问表型相关、遗传相关、环境相关的方向、大小不尽一致;第1雌花节位、座果率、营养生长期同其它农艺性状间遗传关系最为密切,乙烯释放量是对其它性状间接选择的重要生化指标;不同性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力、相对遗传进度差异极大;乙烯释放量、单株雌花数、雌花节率、座果数、叶面积指数等是黄瓜早熟育种中较理想的副性状。     

Carbon-based supercapacitors produced by activation of graphene

Supercapacitors, also called ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors, store electrical charge on high-surface-area conducting materials. Their widespread use is limited by their low energy storage density and relatively high effective series resistance. Using chemical activation of exfoliated graphite oxide, we synthesized a porous carbon with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of up to 3100 square meters per gram, a high electrical conductivity, and a low oxygen and hydrogen content. This sp(2)-bonded carbon has a continuous three-dimensional network of highly curved, atom-thick walls that form primarily 0.6- to 5-nanometer-width pores. Two-electrode supercapacitor cells constructed with this carbon yielded high values of gravimetric capacitance and energy density with organic and ionic liquid electrolytes. The processes used to make this carbon are readily scalable to industrial levels.     

发酵豆粕对AA肉鸡生长性能的影响

研究发酵豆粕对AA肉鸡生长性能的影响。     

微量金属元素对中低温厌氧消化工艺的影响

[目的]探究微量金属元素对中低温厌氧消化工艺的影响。[方法]通过向序批式反应体系内投放微量金属元素(Fe、Co、Ni),研究不同温度条件下,厌氧消化效率的差异。[结果]35℃条件下,厌氧发酵对底物消耗更为迅速,产气效率更高,而20℃条件下,则更有利于刺激嗜冷产甲烷菌群的活性,各处理的p H多维持在6.5~7.0,更适宜厌氧发酵反应的进行。其产生的沼气,甲烷含量也相对更高,其中WP20处理平均甲烷含量可达52%。而投放微量金属元素,对不同菌种的刺激效果存在一定差异,在20℃条件下,微量元素对W菌种厌氧发酵产气效率影响最为显著;35℃条件下,微量元素对G1菌种影响较为明显,G1P35累计产气量达7 129 m L。[结论]该研究可为深入探讨低温条件下沼气生物强化菌群的微生物特性、环境因子互作、菌群时空分布和种群动力学提供技术支撑。     

Effect of feed intake level and dietary protein content on the body temperature of pigs housed under thermo neutral conditions

Feed intake and diet composition appear to affect the body temperature of pigs. Two trials were conducted to analyse the effect of feed intake level and dietary protein content on the intestinal temperature (IT) of pigs housed under thermo neutral conditions. Ten pigs (64.1 ± 1.3 kg initial body weight) fitted with an ileal cannula were used. A thermometer set to register the IT at 5‐min intervals was implanted into the ileum through the cannula. In both trials, the ambient temperature ranged from 19.1 to 21.6°C and the pigs were fed at 07:00 and 19:00 hr (same amount each time). In trial 1, the pigs were fed daily 1.2 or 1.8 kg of a wheat–soybean meal diet. The IT followed a similar pattern along a 24‐hr period regardless the feed intake level. The IT rapidly increased up to 0.61 and 0.74°C after the morning meal and up to 0.53 and 0.47°C after the evening meal in pigs fed 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d respectively. The postprandial IT was higher in pigs fed 1.8 kg after each meal (p < .05). In trial 2, pigs were fed daily 1.8 kg of a low (11%) or a high (22%) crude protein diet. The IT followed a similar pattern along the 24‐hr period regardless the dietary protein level. The postprandial IT did not differ between pigs fed the low protein or the high protein (p > .10). The IT rapidly increased up to 0.66 and 0.62°C after the morning meal in pigs fed the high‐ and low‐protein diet (p < .05), but there was no change after the evening meal (p > .10). In conclusion, the feed intake level affected the IT of pigs housed under TN conditions, but the dietary protein content had no effect.     

植物在低温胁迫下的糖代谢研究进展

糖在植物中不仅用于能量代谢,也对植物生长发育、代谢调控及抵抗胁迫等具有重要调节作用。文章对植物在低温胁迫中糖积累的作用、影响糖积累的相关酶变化、外源ABA对低温胁迫下糖代谢影响等研究进展进行综述。展望植物抗寒研究,从基因、转录、蛋白及代谢等组学整体水平上探讨糖代谢应答低温胁迫及糖作为信号分子参与调控机制。     

污泥构筑湿地--一种新型城市污泥处理技术

城市污泥的产量巨大且成分复杂,如何对城市污泥处置与利用已成为人们所关注的问题。通过对城市污泥的特性、国内外的常规处理技术现状进行综述,对污泥处理的一种新方法——污泥构筑湿地处理技术在国外的发展情况进行了全面分析,指出发展污泥构筑湿地处理技术在我国的迫切性和今后的研发重点。     

柑橘属2n花粉自然发生与沙由柚2n花粉诱导研究

果树2n配子育种较其他植物起步晚，尤其是利用2n花粉进行育种的研究在柑橘上还无先例。试验中初步观察了柑橘属部分品种的2n花粉自然发生情况，证实了柑橘属内未减数花粉的存在。同时通过秋水仙碱不同浓度与作用时间处理促进了柑橘2n花粉的发生，将长寿沙田柚2n花粉发生比例由当年的自然发生率0．87％提高到9.76％。初步观察了2n花粉离体萌发状况，其萌发率与花粉管伸长速度较为正常，但萌发启动比单倍性花粉慢。