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261.
Stand structure of an old-growth forest was studied by tree (≥4.0 cm in DBH) census in a main plot of 1.3 ha and 8 additional
plots (0.525 ha in total) located in the Mt. Moiwa Forest Reserve, central Hokkaido, northern Japan. Major tree species with
≥1.0% of the relative basal area and of relative number of trees (Acer mono, A. mono var.mayrii, Kalopanax pictus, Magnolia kobus var.borealis, M. obovata, Prunus ssiori, Tilia japonica, andUlmus laciniata) have positive values of skewness in DBH, which shows the abundance of smaller-sized stems. All stems over 1.3 m high in
the main plot were mapped to clarify the relationship between stem densities and canopy states. Although advances from sapling
(>1.3 m tall and <4.0 cm DBH) to small tree (10.0 cm ≤ DBH <25 cm) for all major component species, exceptP. ssiori andU. laciniata, were independent of canopy states, those ofP. ssiori andU. laciniata depended on canopy gaps.Betula spp. was the most abundant gap makers, butT. japonica andA. mono (including var.mayrii) were dominant species in the main plot. This suggests the shift of dominant species in the forest of the study site. Historical
records of disturbance demonstrated that selective cuttings of conifers during the late 19th century were responsible for
the dominance ofBetula spp. and the subsequent shift of dominant species. This fact suggests that artificial disturbance plays an important role
in the establishment ofTilia japonica-Acer mono forest considered to be a climax of the mixed deciduous broadleaf/conifer forests. 相似文献
262.
Hirofumi Arai Wataru Tani Akira Okamoto Kenji Fukunaga Yuki Hamada Katsuyasu Tachibana 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):499-505
The commercial value of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata meat is often reduced by color deterioration of the dark muscle during storage. The objective of this study was to investigate
the effect of simultaneous dietary supplementation of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) to cultured yellowtail on color degradation
of the dark muscle during storage. Yellowtail were fed for 6 or 11 days on a diet containing 1% VC and 1% VE (vitamin group)
or without these vitamins (control group). The amounts of VC and VE in the dark muscle of the vitamin group tended to be higher
than those of the control group. During the storage of sliced meat at 23 and 4°C, the decreases in a* value (redness) of the dark muscle of the vitamin group was slower than those of the control group. The formation of metmyoglobin,
which can occur along with myoglobin oxidation, in the dark muscle of the vitamin group was slower than that of the control
group. These results suggest that simultaneous feeding of high amounts of VC and VE for a short period to yellowtail before
harvesting could suppress the color deterioration of the dark muscle during storage. 相似文献
263.
264.
Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols (TAG) of the flathead flounder Hippoglossoides dubius has been reinvestigated in order to accurately determine the contents of tetracosahexaenoic acid (24:6n-3) in the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 positions. Flesh TAG obtained from three flounders were subjected to stereospecific analysis using a suitable procedure
for fish TAG analysis. The 24:6n-3 acid was found in the three positions at the concentrations of 0.3–5.5 mole% (the sn-1 position), 1.6–23.3 mole% (the sn-2 position), and 0.6–8.9 mole% (the sn-3 position). In contrast to a previous analysis, the present analysis revealed that 24:6n-3 is preferentially esterified
in the sn-2 position followed by the sn-3 and sn-1 positions. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3; DPA),
showed a similar distribution pattern. These results indicate that the general tendency observed for long-chain polyunsaturated
fatty acids in marine fish TAG can be extended to the distribution of 24:6n-3 in flathead flounder TAG. Because the use of
flathead flounders is entirely for human food, we thus intake 24:6n-3 concentrated in the sn-2 position of their TAG. 相似文献
265.
Yuki Okashita Heng Wang Shiori Tsue Osamu Nishimiya Kazuhiro Ura Yasuaki Takagi 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(5):803-810
In the present study, we examined the localization of the major yolk protein (MYP) in the intestine of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. First, partial MYP complementary DNA was isolated from the sea urchin intestine. The expression level of MYP messenger RNA (mRNA) along the sea urchin digestive tract is highest in the intestine, so we performed in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis using this tissue. No MYP mRNA was detected in the luminal epithelium, connective tissue, muscle tissue, or coelomic epithelium by in situ hybridization analysis. Positive immunohistochemical staining was observed in the luminal epithelium, inner epithelium and connective tissue, the signal being strongest in the latter. We conclude that MYP synthesized in the inner epithelial cells is moved to and stored in connective tissue and the luminal epithelium, before being secreted into the body cavity and the inner digestive cavity of the sea urchin. 相似文献
266.
267.
Polyaniline (PANI) and shell membrane composites have been synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of shell membrane. Combination of surfactant, PANI, and shell membrane allows production of conductive textile with smooth surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements suggest that the oxidation degree of PANI was affected by the initial ratio of shell membrane vs. monomer amount. The PANI/shell membrane composites were characterized with UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Electrical conductivity of the composites was measured with four-probe method. The surface of the composites was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal stability of the composites was discussed with the result of thermogravimetric analysis. 相似文献
268.
269.
Yuki Tobimatsu Toshiyuki Takano Hiroshi Kamitakahara Fumiaki Nakatsubo 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(3):233-241
It is known that the conventional dehydrogenative polymerization of sinapyl alcohol (S-alc) gave syringyl synthetic lignins
(S-DHPs), but in extremely low yields. In this article, to examine the contribution of syringyl quinone methide intermediates
(S-QM) on S-DHP production, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed dehydrogenative polymerization of S-alc was carried out
in the presence of nucleophilic reagents that promote the rearomatization of S-QM. First, the HRP-catalyzed polymerization
of sinapyl alcohol γ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (isosyringin, iso-S), which allows us to monitor the polymerization process in a homogeneous aqueous phase,
was utilized for screening of a nucleophile used as an S-QM scavenger. Monitoring of iso-S polymerization in the presence
of various nucleophilic reagents by UV spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography with photodiode array detection (GPC-PDA)
revealed a high ability of azide ion to convert oligomeric S-QM efficiently to S-DHP. Accordingly, azide ion was utilized
as an S-QM scavenger in HRP-catalyzed polymerization of S-alc, which resulted in high-yield production of S-DHPs (∼83%), as
expected. The 1H-, 13C-, and 2D-HSQC NMR investigations on the resulting S-DHPs clearly demonstrated that azide ion efficiently performed nucleophilic
additions to the C-α of S-QM during the polymerization. These results provide experimental proof that the low reactivity of S-QM with nucleophiles
(such as water, phenolic, and aliphatic hydroxyl groups) in the conventional polymerization system critically impedes the
production of S-DHPs from S-alc. 相似文献
270.
Zannatul Nasrin Misato Yoshikawa Yuki Nakamura Shahanara Begum Satoshi Nakaba Mikiko Uesugi Yuriko Osakabe Tomonori Sonoki Kanna Sato Ryo Funada Yosuke Iimura Yoshihiro Katayama Shinya Kajita 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(6):460-469
Laccases play important roles in the development of fruiting bodies and in lignin degradation by basidiomycetes. In this study, we present novel phenotypes of transgenic tobacco plants with a chimeric gene for fungal laccase under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. At the flowering stage, the transgenic plants that produced recombinant laccase had brownish anthers instead of the greenish anthers of wild-type plants. The brownish anthers exhibited male sterility with a nondehiscent phenotype at varying frequencies. The frequency of nondehiscence depended on the temperature at which plants were cultivated and it was higher at 24°C than at 29°C. The cell wall structures of transgenic anther tissues were almost the same as in the wild type, but the stomium was severely deformed, and abnormal components were apparent in cells of the endothecium and epidermis. Furthermore, the pattern of deposition of flavonoids in the transgenic anther epidermis differed from the wild-type pattern. The expression of laccase also induced other phenotypic changes in the flowers of transgenic plants, namely, increased petal number, fused and petaloid stamens, and doubling of floral organs. These results indicate that the ectopic expression of laccase influences various aspects of flower development. 相似文献