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191.
192.
Sarashina T Uzuka Y Tanabe S Oku Y Watanabe Y Kurosawa N Nishimura M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(8):873-875
Fecal survey of Eimeria oocysts and parasite eggs was conducted for 219 fecal samples of free-ranging Grus japonensis in Kushiro district in Hokkaido in April 2003. Positive rate and mean oocysts (or eggs) per gram in positive samples were 26% (57/219) and 8.8 (0.2-136) in oocysts of Eimeria reichenowi, 18.3% (40/219) and 320 (100-1,000) in trematode eggs, 0.1% (2/219) and 0.2 (0.2-0.3) in eggs of Nematoda A, and 4.1% (9/219) and 0.8 (0.2-3.6) in eggs of Nematoda B, respectively. 相似文献
193.
194.
Wargacki AJ Leonard E Win MN Regitsky DD Santos CN Kim PB Cooper SR Raisner RM Herman A Sivitz AB Lakshmanaswamy A Kashiyama Y Baker D Yoshikuni Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6066):308-313
Prospecting macroalgae (seaweeds) as feedstocks for bioconversion into biofuels and commodity chemical compounds is limited primarily by the availability of tractable microorganisms that can metabolize alginate polysaccharides. Here, we present the discovery of a 36-kilo-base pair DNA fragment from Vibrio splendidus encoding enzymes for alginate transport and metabolism. The genomic integration of this ensemble, together with an engineered system for extracellular alginate depolymerization, generated a microbial platform that can simultaneously degrade, uptake, and metabolize alginate. When further engineered for ethanol synthesis, this platform enables bioethanol production directly from macroalgae via a consolidated process, achieving a titer of 4.7% volume/volume and a yield of 0.281 weight ethanol/weight dry macroalgae (equivalent to ~80% of the maximum theoretical yield from the sugar composition in macroalgae). 相似文献
195.
Aya Goto Jiro Sonoda Yuki Seki Yoshikazu Taketa Etsuko Ohta Kyoko Nakano Akira Inomata Kazuhiro Hayakawa Toyohiko Aoki Kazuo Tsukidate Satoru Hosokawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(3):229-232
Maxillary gingivae from male and female Crl:CD(SD) rats at 12, 16, 21, and 34 weeks of
age were examined histologically. The incidence of gingivitis was approximately 40%, with
no age or sex predilection, and was most frequent between the first and second molar.
Lesions were characterized by acute focal neutrophilic infiltration into the gingival
mucosa, occasionally with inflammatory exudate. In severe cases, inflammation extended to
the periodontal ligament with abscess formation, and adjacent alveolar bone
destruction/resorption. The most characteristic finding was the presence of hair shafts
associated with the lesion, which was observed in approximately 80% of the rats with
gingivitis. These findings suggest that molar gingivitis occurs in rats from an early age
and persists thereafter, and that the main cause of gingivitis in rats is hair penetration
into the gingiva. It would be prudent to keep these background lesions in mind as
potential modifiers in toxicity studies. 相似文献
196.
Murai A Nishii N Morita T Yuki M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(6):771-774
Two intact female dogs were admitted for growing mammary tumors. They had symptoms of acromegaly including weight gain, enlargement of the head, excessive skin folds, and inspiratory stridor. Serum concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin were elevated in the two cases. From these findings, both dogs were diagnosed with acromegaly. In case 1, the GH, IGF-I, and insulin levels subsided after removal of the focal benign mammary tumors and ovariohysterectomy. In case 2, those levels subsided after removal of only focal mammary carcinoma. In both cases, immunohistochemical investigations for GH were positive in the mammary tumor cells but not in the normal mammary glands. We concluded that GH-producing mammary tumors caused the present acromegaly. 相似文献
197.
Noguchi S Mori T Hoshino Y Yamada N Nakagawa T Sasaki N Akao Y Maruo K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(1):1-8
MicroRNA-145 (miRNA-145; miR-145) is aberrantly expressed in most of human cancers and plays a significant role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In the current study, we focused on how miR-145 plays a role in canine and human malignant melanomas. MiR-145 was significantly downregulated in canine malignant melanoma tissues and canine melanoma cell lines, as well as human melanoma cell lines tested. The ectopic expression of miR-145 showed a significant growth inhibition in both canine and human melanoma cells tested, and the effect was achieved partly by suppressing c-MYC in canine melanoma LMeC and in human melanoma A2058 and Mewo cells. At the same time, a suppressive tendency on cell migration in canine melanoma KMeC cells and significant suppression of cell migration in human melanoma A2058 cells by suppressing FASCIN1 were also found. These findings suggest that miR-145 acts as a tumor suppressor in both canine and human malignant melanomas. 相似文献
198.
Nakata M Okuda Y Yamashita Y Nakauchi C Ito J Kashiwazaki N 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(4):501-504
In rats, artificial insemination (AI) is surgically performed as a general tool to obtain offspring using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Nonsurgical AI is a more desirable technology because it does not require any surgical procedures. However, there has never been a successful nonsurgical AI since frozen-thawed rat spermatozoa show low motility. We show here for the first time successful nonsurgical AI in rats using oxytocin treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of oxytocin (1/800 IU) immediately before nonsurgical AI significantly increased the number of sperm collected from the oviducts compared with that without oxytocin treatment. Therefore, to obtain pups, oxytocin was intraperitoneally injected into females mated with vasectomized males, and the rats were then used for nonsurgical AI. Seven of the 12 oxytocin-treated rats became pregnant after nonsurgical AI, and 37 pups were obtained. Only one rat (1/13) without oxytocin treatment was pregnant after nonsurgical AI, and only 1 pup was delivered. These results show success for the first time in obtaining offspring using frozen-thawed rat spermatozoa via nonsurgical AI. Our results also suggest the possibility that oxytocin treatment is effective for improvement of nonsurgical AI even in other species. 相似文献
199.
Kameo Y Nagao Y Nishio Y Shimoda H Nakano H Suzuki K Une Y Sato H Shimojima M Maeda K 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,154(3-4):222-229
In the spring of 2007, seven raccoon dogs and a weasel were captured near the city of Tanabe in Wakayama prefecture, Japan. The causative agent of the animals' death 1-2 days after capture was identified as canine distemper virus (CDV) by virus isolation, immunostaining with an anti-CDV polyclonal antibody, and a commercially available CDV antigen-detection kit. Sequence analysis of hemagglutinin genes indicated the isolated viruses belong to genotype Asia-1 and possess the substitution from tyrosine (Y) to histidine (H) at position 549 that is associated with the spread of CDV to non-canine hosts. A serosurvey for CDV was then conducted among wild animals in the region. The animals assayed consisted of 104 raccoons, 41 wild boars, 19 raccoon dogs, five Sika deer, two badgers, one weasel, one marten, one Siberian weasel and one fox. Virus-neutralization (VN) tests showed that, except for fox and weasel, all of the species assayed had VN antibodies to CDV. Interestingly, 11 of the 41 wild boars (27%) and two of the five Sika deer assayed possessed VN antibodies to CDV. These findings indicate that CDV infection was widespread among wild mammals during this epizootic. 相似文献
200.
Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) plantations established from seedlings of non-native genetic lineages
Yasuhiro Koyama Makoto Takahashi Yuki Murauchi Eitaro Fukatsu Atsushi Watanabe Nobuhiro Tomaru 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(1):116-120
In order to examine whether seedlings of non-native genetic lineages had been planted, we compared chloroplast DNA haplotypes
in plantations and neighboring natural populations of Fagus crenata in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. This region was chosen for study because there are abundant natural F. crenata populations with different haplotypes, and because the species is also frequently used for afforestation in the area. We
sampled 159 trees from 30 populations of the species across most of its natural range in the region, and 136 trees from 20
plantations of the species, ranging in age from 3 to 17 years. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms and four insertions/deletions
in two chloroplast DNA regions (trnL–trnF and trnK) were analyzed in each of the sampled individuals in order to determine their haplotypes. Four haplotypes (B, D, E and F)
were detected in the natural populations, and these exhibited a clear geographical structure; in contrast, only two haplotypes
(A and B) were found in the plantations. We found that 15 out of the 20 plantations—located in central and southern areas
on the Pacific side of Honshu, where the natural populations contain haplotypes D, E, and F, and where the climate is characterized
by dry, cold winters—had been established using seedlings with haplotypes A and B derived from the Sea of Japan side of the
Japanese Islands, where it snows heavily. The risks associated with planting seedlings of inappropriate lineages are discussed. 相似文献