承德市第三乡林场不同林分类型枯落物和土壤的持水特性

[目的]探究林分枯落物和土壤的水文效应,科学选择持水性能更好的林分类型。[方法]以河北省承德市围场县第三乡林场中落叶松纯林(Ⅰ)、落叶松—白桦—山杨针阔混交林(Ⅱ)、白桦—山杨阔叶混交林(Ⅲ)为研究对象,采用室内浸水法、环刀法以及室内烘干等方法对枯落物和土壤持水特性进行研究。[结果]枯落物总储量:Ⅰ(26.58t/hm2)Ⅱ(25.01t/hm2)Ⅲ(21.55t/hm2)。枯落物最大持水量:Ⅲ(56.88t/hm2)Ⅱ(56.24t/hm2)Ⅰ(51.91t/hm2)。枯落物持水量随浸水时间变化呈对数函数变化趋势。枯落物吸水速率随浸水时间变化呈幂函数变化趋势。枯落物有效拦蓄量:Ⅱ(46.22t/hm2)Ⅲ(43.90t/hm2)Ⅰ(43.36t/hm2)。土壤容重:Ⅰ(1.13g/cm3)Ⅱ(1.12g/cm3)Ⅲ(0.99g/cm3)。土壤总孔隙度:Ⅲ(51.89%)Ⅱ(49.13%)Ⅰ(41.38%)。土壤最大持水量:Ⅲ(1037.80t/hm2)Ⅱ(982.50t/hm2)Ⅰ(827.53t/hm2)。[结论]通过多方面比较3种林分类型枯落物和土壤持水性能,可知Ⅲ持水能力最好,Ⅱ稍弱,Ⅰ最差。     

Genetic relationships among sympatric varieties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acer mono</Emphasis> in the Chichibu Mountains and Central Hokkaido,Japan

Acer mono Maxim. is one of the major components of cool temperate forests in Japan. Some of its many varieties are distributed sympatrically. Because of its great variability, the intraspecific taxonomy and nomenclature of the species are controversial. To understand the genetic relationships among these varieties and whether hybridization or introgression occurred among the sympatric varieties, we studied the genetic relationships among sympatric varieties of A. mono in the Chichibu Mountains (A. mono var. ambiguum, A. mono var. connivens, A. mono var. marmoratum) and Central Hokkaido (A. mono var. mayrii and A. mono var. glabrum) in Japan. Our results showed that varieties in Chichibu are genetically close, suggesting that hybridization or introgression might occur between these varieties, which could explain the higher genetic diversity of varieties in Chichibu than in Hokkaido. In contrast to the close relationships between the varieties in Chichibu, varieties in Hokkaido seemed relatively separated from each other; indeed, there may be reproductive isolation between the two varieties. The results provide new insight for the taxonomy of the varieties of A. mono, especially the sympatric varieties, in Japan.     

Investigation of acid hydrolysis reactions of polyphosphates and phytic acid in Bray and Mehlich III extracting solutions

Soil test phosphorus (STP) (Bray P-1, Mehlich III) was developed to predict the plant available P in agricultural soils in the USA. The acidic STP extracting solutions were intended to extract phosphate from alkaline earth metal-based solubility products and or adsorbed species on amorphous metal hydroxides or phyllosilicates in soils. However, the accuracy of STP in predicting plant available phosphate has often been questioned due to potential acid hydrolysis of poly- and organic-P in soils during the STP extraction. The objective of the study was to investigate the acid hydrolysis reaction of reference poly- and organic-P compounds (1.25–3.75 mM) in Bray and Mehlich III extraction solutions using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that both tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate readily underwent the acid hydrolysis reaction over 2 h, whereas phytic acid did not hydrolyze. The results suggest an overestimation of dissolved reactive phosphate from these polyphosphates should be considered when evaluating the STP data.     

三明野生香菇交配型因子分析

以收集自福建三明地区的12个野生香菇菌株分离得到的46个单核体为材料,进行交配型因子分析。结果从样本中鉴定出15个A因子和15个B因子,表明该地区野生香菇有较丰富的交配型因子,为香菇杂交育种打下基础。     

聚羧酸盐和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂复配体系对戊唑醇水悬浮剂分散稳定性的影响

聚羧酸盐和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂复配体系有利于提高农药水悬浮剂的物理稳定性。本研究选用430 g/L戊唑醇水悬浮剂 (SC) 作为研究对象,研究了聚羧酸盐分散剂850和聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯分散剂601p复配体系的胶束流体动力学直径以及对戊唑醇SC黏度、Zeta电势、比吸光度和流变性质的影响。结果显示:单独用601p制备的戊唑醇SC的分散稳定性要高于单独用850制备的,而用两者复配体系制备的戊唑醇SC的稳定性明显高于用单一分散剂制备的。进一步研究发现,分散剂的复配比例对戊唑醇SC的物理稳定性也有不同影响,其中当m(850) : m(601p) = 1 : 1时,复配分散剂的胶束动力学直径不再变化,制得的戊唑醇SC分散稳定性最好,表现为黏度相对较小,Zeta电势为 –40.8 mV。     

Diagnostic value of recombinant nanoluciferase fused Toxoplasma gondii antigens in Luciferase-linked Antibody Capture Assay (LACA) for Toxoplasma infection in pigs

Toxoplasmosis is a widespread protozoan zoonosis. Since ingesting undercooked meat harboring Toxoplasma gondii cyst is considered one of the major transmission routes to humans, the screening of T. gondii in meat-producing animals can reduce the risk of food-borne toxoplasmosis in humans. Among serological diagnostic methods, Luciferase-linked Antibody Capture Assay (LACA) has been found to be a promising platform with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we aimed to evaluate recombinant nanoluciferase fused-T. gondii antigens (rNluc-GRA6, rNluc-GRA7, rNluc-GRA8 and rNluc-BAG1) for their potential use in LACA for pigs. As a result, the sensitivity of GRA6-, GRA7-, GRA8- and BAG1-LACA were 70.0%, 80.0%, 80.0% and 30.0% with specificity 87.0%, 81.5%, 74.1% and 50.0%, respectively. The cocktail LACA using a mixture of rNluc-GRA6, rNluc-GRA7 and rNluc-GRA8 indicated higher sensitivity (90.0%) and a similar specificity (96.3%) in comparison with the commercial ELISA kit. Compared to the Dye-Test as a reference test, cocktail LACA showed strong agreement (kappa value=0.811) when we assessed pig sera collected at the slaughterhouse. In addition, we also successfully established the rapid LACA format for the detection of Toxoplasma infection in pigs (called Rapid-LACA) in which the test could be performed within 30 min. In Rapid-LACA, the protein A pre-coated/blocked plates could be preserved at −30°C, 4°C or room temperature conditions for at least two months without compromising on the quality of assay.     

长期施用有机物料对旱地红壤磷组分及磷素有效性的影响

针对中亚热带第四纪红黏土发育的红壤旱地,建立了玉米单作系统等碳量投入有机物料的田间试验,利用不同的磷分级方法研究了不同有机物料施用对土壤磷组分的影响,构建了不同磷组分的含量与土壤全磷及有效磷之间的回归方程,明确了不同磷组分对土壤磷活化系数(PAC)及磷肥(表观和经济)利用率的影响。连续7a的试验结果表明:施用有机物料可以增加土壤PAC和磷肥利用率,并以秸秆猪粪9︰1配施(NPKS/M)处理效果最佳,显著高于常规施肥处理(NPK);施用有机物料显著提升了土壤有机磷含量,且与土壤有效磷含量显著正相关,其对土壤PAC及磷肥(表观和经济)利用率影响显著。施用有机物料通过影响土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、交换性K⁺以及交换性Al³⁺含量影响土壤磷的有效性。     

Establishment of a reverse genetics system for rabies virus strain Komatsugawa

The rabies virus strain Komatsugawa isolated from a dog in Tokyo in the 1940s retains biological properties as a field strain, providing an effective model for studying rabies pathogenesis. To facilitate molecular studies on the pathogenesis, this study aimed to establish a reverse genetics system for the Komatsugawa strain. By transfecting the full-length genome plasmid of this strain, infectious virus with artificially introduced genetic markers in its genome was rescued. The recombinant strain had biological properties similar to those of the original strain. These findings indicate that a reverse genetics system for the Komatsugawa strain has successfully been established.     

实蝇科昆虫对寄主植物的选择和响应研究进展

实蝇科昆虫种类繁多, 全球广泛分布, 其中诸多种类可直接为害果蔬, 造成巨大经济损失, 是国际检疫性或入侵性害虫。实蝇主要通过成虫产卵和幼虫取食来为害寄主植物, 实蝇与寄主植物之间的相互作用包括实蝇对寄主的选择以及实蝇对寄主的响应。本文综述了实蝇科昆虫对寄主植物的选择, 包括对不同寄主植物种类、寄主植物不同部位和寄主植物不同品种的选择; 以及对寄主植物的响应包括对寄主植物的生长发育响应, 对寄主植物的行为响应。同时总结了实蝇的化学感受器官、化学感受基因及抗性相关基因在实蝇对寄主植物选择和响应中的作用, 以期为深入了解实蝇科昆虫对寄主植物的选择和响应机制以及研发实蝇类害虫防治技术提供参考。