湘西北天然林转换对土壤活性有机碳与酶活性的影响

[目的] 了解土壤活性有机碳(SOC)组分和酶活性对天然林转换的响应,为预测区域土壤健康演变和环境变迁提供科学依据。[方法] 选取本底一致,利用历史清晰的天然常绿阔叶林以及由此转变而来的针叶人工林、果园、坡耕地和水田,应用物理、化学和生物化学分析技术,研究表土活性有机碳组分和酶活性对天然林转换的响应规律与差异。[结果] 天然林改为果园、坡耕地和水田后显著降低土壤有机碳、活性有机碳含量和酶活性,降幅分别为42%～67%,47%～88%和36%～89%。其中,以易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳含量和蔗糖酶活性的敏感性相对高于SOC敏感性,敏感地指示土壤有机碳库及活性的降低,易氧化有机碳更适宜推广应用。天然林改为人工林,土壤活性有机碳、酶活性的敏感性一般低于天然林改为果园、坡耕地,相对有利于土壤中活性有机碳库的保存。活性有机碳占总有机碳的比例由天然林改为人工林后显著降低,敏感地指示土壤碳库质量的下降。[结论] 天然林转换不仅导致土壤活性有机碳数量大幅减少,有机碳库的质量下降,与之相关的酶活性也降低;土壤有机碳的活性和酶活性的降低,指示天然林转换后土壤生物健康/质量的退化。     

无公害农产品生产肥料的选择与施用

介绍生产无公害农产品肥料的选择方法与施用技术.     

抗虫棉主要病虫发生特点及综合治理措施

2002年以来,随着抗虫棉的大面积应用,宿松县棉花主要病虫为害发生了较大变化。针对抗虫棉主要病虫发生特点,进行综合治理,对棉花生产可持续发展具有深远意义。     

矿物肥料种类及其开发应用

矿物肥料是肥料工业的重要组成部分,是发展生态农业必不可少的新型农肥矿产资源。笔者对矿物肥料进行了类型划分,同时对一些应用较为普遍的矿物肥料资源(如沸石,膨润土,海泡石,蛭石,海绿石,硅藻土,等)的品种特征及应用现状作了介绍。     

2004年南方优质中稻新品种引种试验初报

引进了南方各省科研单位选育的Ⅱ优42等11个中稻新品种(组合)进行试验,通过试验,筛选出金科籼杂7号、Ⅱ优42、粤优948、Ⅱ优196、富优1号等一批在福建省种植表现较好的中稻新品种(组合),其中粤优948等品种(组合)不但高产稳产,而且米质优,抗性强,福建省可加大引进试验力度.     

桑椹菌核病的发生规律及其防治方法

桑椹菌核病的病原为柔膜菌目的真菌,病原真菌孢子在桑树开花期间侵入雌花引起初次侵染,病原菌以菌核在土壤中越冬.采取物理方法和化学方法相结合可有效控制该病的发生.     

输卵管妊娠三种保守疗法对患侧再通和再孕关系的探讨

目的：探讨输卵管妊娠3种保守疗法对患侧再通和再孕的关系。方法：对经治疗后随访3a的138例输卵管妊娠患者作分析。138例按治疗方法分3组．腹腔镜组（n=48开腹组（n=70）．药物组（n=20）。结果：患侧输卵管再通率：腹腔镜组为70．8％,开腹组为62．8％．药物组为25．0％（腹腔镜组vs开腹组P〉0．05;腹腔镜组和开腹组vs药物组P〈0．01）。宫内再孕率：腹腔镜组为62．5％．开腹组为54．3％．药物组为0．0％。（腹腔镜vs开腹组P〉0．05;腹腔镜和开腹组vs药物组,P〈0．01）。结论：输卵管妊娠行保守的腹腔镜手术和开腹手术的患侧的再通率和宫内再孕率显著高于药物保守疗法．但行保守的腹腔镜手术和开腹手术两者之间的患侧再通率和宫内再孕率差异无显著性（P〉0．05）．治疗后的妊娠率与治疗方式及对侧输卵管是否受损有关;保守输卵管复通术能替代输卵管切除术。     

江汉平原杨树人工林的施肥方式

对江汉平原新造杨树人工林进行了连续3a的施肥方式研究。试验共设不施肥,3月份一次四点穴施,6月份一次四点穴施,3、6月份各半四点穴施(深25cm),3、6、8月份各1／3四点穴施,3、6月份各半圈施,3、6月份各半四点穴施(深50cm)等7个处理。试验结束时调查各处理杨树株高、胸径,并计算材积量。结果表明：每年6月一次四点穴施对杨树树高、胸径和材积生长的促进作用最明显,其它方式效果一般,而3月份一次性施肥效果最差,且与不施肥间无明显差异。     

Experimental transmission of an unnamed bovine Babesia by Hyalomma spp., Haemaphysalis longicornis and Boophilus microplus

Experiments were undertaken to determine the mode of transmission to cattle of an unnamed Babesia sp. by Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, Hyalomma detritum, Hy. rufipes koch, Haemaphysalis longicornis and Boophilus microplus. The unnamed Babesia species designated Babesia U sp. was isolated by infesting cattle with nymphs from female Hy. a. anatolicum ticks collected from Xinjiang province. Adults of laboratory reared Hy. a. anatolicum, Hy. detritum and Hy. rufipes koch were infected with Babesia U sp. by feeding on infected cattle, isolated with nymphal ticks of Hy. a. anatolicum derived from females collected from field. The experiments revealed that Hy. a. anatolicum was capable of transmitting Babesia U sp. transovarially in larval (2 of 4 calves), nymphal (6 of 6 calves) and adult (3 of 8 calves) stages, with prepatent periods of 16, 12, and 8 days, respectively, and that this Babesia was also transovarially transmitted by both the nymphal and adult stages of Hy. detritum and Hy. rufipes. Attempts to transmit this Babesia U sp. transovarially with Hae. longicornis and B. microplus, and transstadially with Hyalomma spp., were carried out, and the results proved to be negative.     

Experiments on transmission of an unidentified Theileria sp. to small ruminants with Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum

Experiments on the transmission of an unidentified Theileria sp. infective for small ruminants by Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were carried out. Three Theileria-free batches of adult, larvae, and nymphs of laboratory reared H. qinghaiensis and Hy. a. anatolicum ticks were infected by feeding them on sheep infected with Theileria sp. The Theileria sp. was originally isolated from adult ticks of H. qinghaiensis, by inoculation of blood stabilates or tick transmission. H. qinghaiensis has been shown to be capable of transmitting the Theileria sp. infective for small ruminants transstadially to sheep and goats. The nymphs developed from the larvae engorged on the sheep infected with the parasite transmitted the pathogen to splenectomized sheep with prepatent periods of 30, 31 days, respectively; but the subsequent adult ticks of H. qinghaiensis derived from the nymphs did not transmit the pathogen to sheep. However, adults developed from the nymphs engorged on the sheep infected with the parasite transmitted the pathogen to sheep with prepatent periods of 24-27 days. The larvae, nymphs and adult ticks derived from female H. qinghaiensis ticks engorged on infected sheep were not able to transmit the parasite transovarially. The same experiments were done with Hy. a. anatolicum, but examination for presence of piroplasma of Theileria sp. from all animals were negative, demonstrating that Hy. a. anatolicum could not transmit the organism to sheep or goats.