5株野鸭源H6N1亚型禽流感病毒NA基因的克隆和进化分析

根据GenBank已知的H6N1亚型流感病毒的NA基因序列,设计扩增NA基因的特异性引物,通过RTPCR技术扩增5株H6N1亚型禽流感病毒NA基因序列,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体后进行了测序分析.同时通过生物学软件对5株禽流感病毒NA基因进行了分析研究.结果表明:5株禽流感病毒NA基因全长1 410 bp,编码47...     

利用WGCNA进行玉米花期基因共表达模块鉴定

权重基因共表达网络分析(weighted gene co-expression network analysis, WGCNA)是系统生物学的一种研究方法,在挖掘生物学数据与特定性状之间的生物学关系方面具有十分重要的作用。本研究利用玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系B73的14份不同发育阶段的转录组数据,筛选掉低表达丰度的基因,最终得到了22,426个高表达的基因用于创建基因表达矩阵;利用不同组织作为性状,创建表型矩阵。然后利用R软件中的WGCNA包建立了共表达网络,共得到20个模块。本研究将与组织相关性高于0.65的模块定义为组织特异性模块,最终鉴定到14个组织特异性模块。利用在线网站Agrigo对组织特异性模块中的基因进行GO (gene ontology)富集分析,发现14个模块中均可以得到富集种类。开花作为玉米生育周期中的一个重要生理过程,不仅代表着植物从营养生长到生殖生长的转变,也关系到产量、株高和抗逆性等农艺性状。本研究发现8个组织特异性模块中的基因可以富集到与开花调控的代谢通路。此外,有17个已经报道过的开花时间调控基因存在于共表达模块中,并且主要分布在Blue模块和Darkmagenta模块,因此本研究重点关注了这2个模块内部的基因调控网络。本研究通过计算不同组织中的基因表达丰度,并联合权重基因共表达网络分析的方法,鉴定到了具有生物学意义的共表达基因模块,挖掘到了数个开花相关的模块,有助于揭示玉米开花调控的遗传机制。     

秸秆或粉煤灰添加对砂姜黑土持水性及小麦抗干旱胁迫的影响

针对黄淮海平原典型中低产土壤砂姜黑土黏粒含量较高,土壤有效水分库容较低,严重限制作物生产的现状,该文采用盆栽试验,研究了不同外源改性物料的添加对土壤持水性能及小麦生理的影响,以期获得农田水分管理过程中的关键参数。盆栽试验设置常规氮磷钾(control,CK),常规氮磷钾配施下的添加秸秆(straw returning,SR)、秸秆碳(straw carbon,SC)和粉煤灰(fly ash,FA)处理,维持土壤相对含水率在80%,培育小麦至抽穗期,开展为期10 d的干旱胁迫试验。结果显示SR和SC处理提高了土壤持水能力,且处理间的差异较小;FA处理因其表面富含大量疏水性结晶矿物,土壤相对含水率下降较快,迟效水含量显著低于其余处理,但土壤速效水含量显著提高。不同改性措施均有提高小麦叶片相对含水率,减轻干旱胁迫的趋势,但在极端干旱胁迫下,FA处理叶片相对含水率不仅明显低于其余处理,且作物体内积累大量丙二醛、过氧化氢等有害物质。田间管理中砂姜黑土相对含水率应维持在38%(SR)、36.5%(SC)和24.5%(FA)以上,当土壤相对含水率低于30.78%(SC)、28.43%(SR)和22.5%(FA)时将会对作物生理产生不可逆的伤害。鉴于秸秆优良的保水性能,粉煤灰“富水,不保水”的特性,秸秆与粉煤灰的配合施用将利于砂姜黑土的改良。相关机制值得进一步研究。     

长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业环保现状调查研究

对长三角地区某市垃圾焚烧行业的环保现状进行了调查研究,结果发现:当前区域垃圾焚烧企业,在保证规模、控制数量及地域上均衡布置的前提下,行业废水、废气污染治理设施齐全,废水、废气均稳定可达标排放,调查时段内未有投诉问题。区域垃圾焚烧行业在做到当下要求的情况下,实现了区域垃圾焚烧行业污染可控,对城市垃圾焚烧行业环保发展具备借鉴意义。     

不同产地瓦松活性成分初步研究

目的:讨论不同产地瓦松提取物活性成分差异,以期为瓦松应用开发提供理论基础。方法:采用系统化学检测法研究瓦松水提物及醇提取物成分差异;采用HPLC法,对水提物正丁醇萃取相进行了讨论,研究其差异。结果:不同产地瓦松水提物及醇提物存在一定差异。结论:相对来说辽宁、黑龙江所产瓦松活性成分较为丰富,相对含量较高。     

Multi‐channel visual evoked potential as an ancillary tool to diagnose intraorbital optic nerve lesions

Multi‐channel visual evoked potential (MVEP) recording method was used to assist in diagnosing a 4‐month‐old Chinese Albino rabbit with an intraorbital mass. Subcutaneous MVEP of its both eyes were recorded simultaneously using 16 electrodes (4 × 4) multi‐channel array. Analysis of the cortical potential landscapes (CPL) showed that the conduction function of right eye was remarkably impaired in terms of decreased amplitudes and prolonged latencies. Specific side‐dominant distribution asymmetry of the decreased MVEP amplitudes indicated that the temporal side of the optic nerve (ON) was severely involved. Overall prolonged latencies of the CPL without side differences suggested that the functional impairment could have been caused by the mechanical compression exerted by an intraorbital mass. Surgical removal procedures confirmed that the mass was located temporally to the ON. Pathological examination provided a final diagnosis of a giant polycystic mucocele. Beyond its significance as a standard tool to assess functional changes of the visual pathway, MVEP recordings might assist locating intraorbital lesions that involve the ON by careful analysis of abnormal CPLs.     

百花花楸活性成分季节变化研究

研究百花花楸活性成分季节变化,以期为百花花楸活性成分药用价值开发提供理论基础。以百花花楸不同季节枝、叶、果为原料,采用化学系统鉴别法及紫外-可见分光光度法对总黄酮、总多糖、总萜进行定量。百花花楸不同部位化学成分有一定区别,主要在皂苷、蒽醌、及甾醇类;随季节总黄酮、总多糖及总萜有一定变化,一般来说7、8、9月为最佳采摘季节。百花花楸活性成分季节变化较为明显,且常见活性成分含量较高,尤其果实和叶,有一定食用及药用价值。     

Gas Exchange of Five Warm‐Season Grain Legumes and their Susceptibility to Heat Stress

Objective of this study was to compare the heat stress performance of four pulses from dry and hot areas (mungbeans, limabeans, and teparybeans and cowpeas) with that of soybeans. Two experiments were conducted in growth chambers, and data were pooled because results of both experiments were similar. Plants were raised up to flowering at 24/17 °C (day/night) and were then either exposed to these temperatures until maturity or stressed with 33/24 °C for 2 weeks starting at day 1 or 15 after onset of flowering (early vs. late stress). Before, during and after these stress intervals, gas exchange of representative upper leaves was examined; additionally, immediate effects of increasing leaf temperatures from 24 to 32 or 40 °C on chlorophyll fluorescence were assessed. Without heat stress rates of photosynthesis (P_n), and of transpiration (TR), stomatal and mesophyll conductance (g_s, g_m) and intrinsic transpiration efficiency (iTE) differed significantly among the five crops at each date. However, because of crop‐specific time‐courses ranking among unstressed crops was instable with time, so values were integrated or averaged over time. This procedure revealed high P_n potentials in mung‐ and teparybeans and high iTE values in limabeans compared to the other crops. Heat stress lowered P_n and g_s considerably, but increased TR in all five crops. Relative lowering of P_n during heat stress displayed a crop‐specific pattern with limabeans being least susceptible to both early and late heat stress, while cowpeas were highly susceptible to early stress. Effects on P_n were mainly attributable to lowering of g_s and only in part to g_m. The latter was supported by very small changes (<10 %) of various chlorophyll fluorescence signals shortly after raising leaf temperature to 32 °C in all species. However, in limabeans, a decreased electron transport rate (e‐rate, ?18 %) and an increased non‐photochemical quenching (Q_N, +16 %) pointed to an adaptive mechanism to avoid oxidative strains under heat. Leaf temperatures of 40 °C immediately provoked stronger changes in all fluorescence signals than 32 °C; substantial damages at 40 °C were indicated by effective quantum yield, photochemical quenching and ratio of fluorescence decrease in mungbeans and low ones in cowpeas and soybeans. Nevertheless, some adaptive responses of e‐rates and Q_N were observed in all crops and were most expressed in limabeans.     

芜菁夜蛾线虫在防治桃小食心虫上的应用

应用芜菁夜蛾线虫Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒｎｅｍａ ｆｅｌｔｉａｅ ａｇｒｏｔｅｓ防治桃小食心虫Ｃａｒｐｏｓｉｎａ ｎｉｐｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｗａｌｓｉｎｇｈａｍ的研究表明，线虫寄生桃小的温湿度范围：温度２０℃－３５℃，土壤含水量７％－１５％，以温度２５－３０℃，含水量１０％左右致死速度最快。此特性与桃小越冬幼虫出土所需求的条件相一致，肯定了应用线虫防治桃小在出土期为宜，线虫的施用量为每ｍ＾２６０－８０万头，持续     

天然白桦林的特点与经营

通过白桦林样地调查,对白桦林进行了径级分析、死亡木分析和经营分析。结果表明,白桦林是一个不稳定的次生林型。在大片次生林中的白桦林天然更新非常好。现在硬阔已进入演替层;死亡木用“一边竞争”的模型进行预测效果较好。根据分析提出对白桦林进行上层疏伐的经营方法。