牛初乳中活性物质IgG含量分析

通过对产犊后前四天内牛初乳活性物质(IgG)含量的检测，分析牛初乳中活性物质的变化规律及冻结、巴氏杀菌对其影响。     

Genetic analysis of ORF5 of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) in viremic sera collected from MLV-vaccinating or non-vaccinating farms

The 23 open reading frame (ORF) 5 sequences of Korean type II porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were collected from viremic sera from the (modified live vaccine) MLV-vaccinating and non-vaccinating farms from 2007 to 2008. The samples were phylogenetically analyzed with previous ORF5 sequences, including type I Korean PRRSV, and previously reported or collected sequences from 1997 to 2008. A MN184-like subgroup of type II Korean PRRSV was newly identified in the viremic sera collected from 2007 to 2008. And of the type I PRRSVs, one subgroup had 87.2~88.9% similarity with the Lelystad virus, showing a close relationship with the 27~2003 strain of Spain. The maximum parsimony tree of type II PRRSV from 1997 to 2008 showed that they had evolved to four lineages, subgroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. Most of the recently collected type II PRRSVs belonged to subgroup 4 (48%). The region of three B-cell epitopes and two T-cell epitopes of ORF5 amino acids sequences was considerably different from the MLV in subgroups 3 and 4. In conclusion, the existence of type I PRRSV, which was genetically different from Lelystad virus (Prototype of type I PRRSV), and heterologous type II PRRSVs of viremic pigs detected even in the MLV-vaccinating farms indicated the need for new vaccine approaches for the control of PRRSV in Korea.     

天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区水质分析

为了对天津大神堂牡蛎礁国家级海洋特别保护区进行水质环境分析,2012年4月、9月和2013年5月、9月分别对该特别保护区海域进行了4个航次的水质环境调查,并通过单项水质评价法、海水营养指数评价法、有机污染综合指数法等对该特别保护区海域的水质进行质量分析。调查数据表明,该保护区海水受无机氮污染严重,4个航次无机氮污染指数均大于1;海水营养指数分布范围为1．60～93．76,平均值为14．58,处于重度富营养状态;有机污染指数分布范围为0．96～6．58,平均值为2．76,处于3级轻度污染状态。结果表明,无机氮为该海域主要污染因子,富营养化及有机污染情况严重并呈增加趋势。目前保护区已经建立,但对于保护区的治理有待进一步开展,还需对该保护区进行长期的监测与科学研究。     

Generation of Salmonella ghost cells expressing fimbrial antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and evaluation of their antigenicity in a murine model

Salmonella Typhimurium ghost cells expressing K88ab, K88ac, K99, and FasA fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in their envelopes were constructed. The genes encoding the fimbriae were individually cloned into an expression plasmid, pMMP81, carrying the asd gene, which was subsequently electroporated into the Δasd S. Typhimurium mutant. Plasmid pJHLP99, carrying the phiX174 lysis gene E, was also subsequently electroporated into the Salmonella mutant. The presence of the individual fimbriae on the ghost cells was examined by Western blot analysis. Forty BALB/c mice were equally divided into 2 groups of 20 mice each. Group A mice were intramuscularly vaccinated with a mixture of the 4 ghost cells expressing the individual fimbriae. The group B mice were inoculated with sterile phosphate-buffered saline as a control. The antigen-specific serum IgG concentrations were significantly higher in group A than in group B from week 2 until week 6 after inoculation. In addition, the antigen-specific IgA concentrations in fecal samples were significantly higher in group A than in group B at week 2 after inoculation. A large difference between the groups in the number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine was observed by immunohistochemical study. Also, the splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses were significantly greater in group A than in the control mice. These results suggest that vaccination with our Salmonella ghost cells can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and that the increased number of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine may be correlated with the elevated fecal IgA immune response.     

对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒的精细结构、核酸、多肽及血清学研究

对纯化的对虾皮下及造血组织坏死杆状病毒（ＨＨＮＢＶ）进行了超微结构、紫外吸收、核酸类型及多肽ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ的研究。同时用单克隆抗体对ＨＨＮＢＶ的两分离株和ＭＢＶ进行了血清学比较研究。用ＴＭＶ作为内标定物测得病毒粒子大小为１５０ｎｍ×４５０ｎｍ，其衣壳为两个帽状物端夹１３圈螺旋对称的园柱体结构。病毒在２６０ｎｍ处吸光系数为０．１１７ｍｇ／ｍＬ／ＯＤ２６０。病毒核酸为双链ＤＮＡ，分子量大于３５×１０６ｄ。病毒囊膜有１２种主要多肽。病毒衣壳有两种主要多肽。从寿光（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７）和青岛（ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３８）分离到的病毒种在ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ和抗ＨＨＮＢＶ—９３７单抗ＥＬＩＳＡ反应上没有显著差异。ＨＨＮＢＶ与斑节对虾杆状病毒（ＭＢＶ）在抗原决定簇上存在差别。     

关于农业技术推广法及其实施办法贯彻实施情况的调研报告

农业现代化是我国农业的发展方向。贯彻落实好农业技术推广法,提高农业技术推广工作水平,对于实现农业现代化具有重要作用。文章对天津市认真贯彻落实农业技术推广法所做的主要工作及取得的主要成效进行了总结,从加强学习宣传、不断深化改革、创新推广途径、加强农民培训、提升推广实效办法的规定和国家关于农业技术推广工作的主要精神,从深化基层农业技术推广体系改革、加强农业技术推广经费保障、提高农业技术推广人员素质、促进社会化农业技术服务组织发展、完善天津市实施农业技术推广法办法等方面提出了相关建议,以期促进天津市农业技术推广工作再上新水平。     

在新农村建设中实施“四议两公开”工作法成效、问题及对策建议

介绍了宝丰县基本情况,简述了在新农村建设中实施＂四议两公开＂工作法取得的成效、存在的问题,提出了解决问题的对策建议。     

柞木单板高频真空干燥工艺

以5 mm柞木单板为研究对象,对其实施不同干燥工艺(高频发振与停歇时间,木材控制温度(Tc)、环境压力(Pa))的高频真空干燥,测算其温度分布、干燥速度、干燥周期、终含水率及其标准偏差、脱水比、开裂和翘曲度等参数。通过对这些参数的对比分析,确定了其较适宜的高频真空干燥工艺。结果表明:干燥过程中单板材堆的温度分布变化,长度方向近端部略高,其它部位相近;宽度方向,呈现内部高侧边低的分布趋势;高度方向,呈现中心层高、近接地极板层低的分布趋势。底层与接地极板间设置已干单板后虽能减小温度梯度,但不能使其消除。单板干燥速度取决于温度(T)、Pa、水分渗透性、扩散系数、迁移距离(L),Pa降低,T升高,水分迁移驱动力(ΔP/L)增大,干燥速度加快;T升高还能使渗透性和扩散系数增大,因而对干燥速度影响显著,但单板易开裂;单板终含水率分布均匀性主要由材堆中温度分布均匀性、干燥工艺条件等决定。在材堆与电极板间设置隔热材料,能使材堆高度方向温度分布均匀性提高,含水率差异减小。5 mm柞木单板较适宜的高频真空干燥工艺确定为,高频发振7 min/停歇1 min、Tc为54.5℃、Pa为6.5 k Pa、ΔP为8.5 k Pa。     

湖北省黄冈市近11年水稻产量和品质变化与气象条件对应分析

水稻是喜温、喜光的沼生类植物,适宜的光照与温度能使水稻发挥其生产潜力;相反,过高过低的温度都会制约水稻的正常生长发育。通过近11年的气象资料与水稻品种定点示范生产的产量和米质的对应分析,证实在非正常气温胁迫下水稻生产量与品质出现下降的事实,从而在水稻品种选育与栽培措施方面给出因应气候因素变化而获得水稻较高产量与较好米质的若干建议。     

中东呼吸综合征的流行与研究进展

本文全面介绍了MERS的疾病概况、人间及动物间流行情况,目前该病已经蔓延到全球25个国家,造成1300余人感染、近500人死亡,并有4个国家发现骆驼MERS病例;总结了世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界动物卫生组织（OIE）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）等采取的防控措施,并从病毒来源、能否人际间传播、有效疫苗和药物研制等3个方面对MERS的研究进展进行了概述。目前认为,人类MERS的传染源可能是骆驼, MERS-CoV仅发生了有限的人传人,还没有研制出有效的特异性疫苗和药物。本文还简述了我国的防控情况,并提出了相关防控建议。