不同土壤紧实度对棉花根系生长的影响

试验于１９９２－１９９５年在扬州大学农学院进行。供试棉花品种岱１５，设砂、粘土不同溶重盆栽。结果指出，容重１．１ｇ／ｃｍ＾３处理，根系长势“前旺后衰”，容重１．４ｇ／ｃｍ＾３和１．５ｇ／ｃｍ＾３处理根系生长始终处于劣势，而容重１．２ｇ／ｃｍ＾３和１．３ｇ／ｃｍ＾３处理主根生长率与一次侧根增长率高，主根长，一次侧根量大，根系活力强，吸收氮、磷、钾多，长势“前强后稳”，为最优处理；还发现，棉根干重随土     

豫州褐壳蛋鸡Ⅰ,Ⅱ系杂交效果分析

对豫州褐壳蛋鸡Ⅰ、Ⅱ系杂交效果研究表明,其生活力、主要生产性能均有明显提高,健雏率、育雏率、育成率、产蛋期存活率分别达到９９．０２％,９７．８７％,９７．１２％和９３．３５％,开产日龄提早６￣９ｄ,全期产蛋２５４．２０枚,料蛋比２．４２：１。     

Performance analysis of a concentrating solar hybrid photovoltaic thermal system

The photovoltaic components of a hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system are combined with a solar thermal collector, which generates both thermal and electrical energy simultaneously with a higher integrated efficiency. A three dimensional steady model of the concentrating solar PV/T system which has a plate type metallic thermal collector with a serpentine rectangular channel is developed. The processes of photovoltaic and thermal transformation and heat transfer in the PV/T collector are calculated and simulated. The effects of the optical concentrating ratio, coolant mass flow rate, ambient air velocity and glass cover on both thermal and electrical performance of the collector are presented and discussed.     

黄孢原毛平革菌处理玉米秸秆的腐解特征

摘要：采用黄孢原毛平革菌处理不同粒度的玉米秸秆,测定了秸秆降解率、木质素降解率、有机质、总腐殖酸、H/F、羧基和酚羟基含量,探讨了秸秆处理过程中的腐解特征。结果表明,在秸秆腐解过程中,腐解物的质量、有机质、木质素含量逐渐降低,其分解率和分解时间与秸秆粒度具有相关性;H/F总体呈上升趋势,腐殖化程度升高;酚羟基含量逐渐降低,羧基含量逐渐升高。这些现象表明秸秆的腐解过程为氧化过程,酚羟基被氧化为羧基。     

盘刀式铡草机抛送性能试验研究

针对盘刀式铡草机存在的生产率低、功耗大、易堵塞等问题,以玉米秸秆为试验材料,选取不同的主轴转速、叶片倾角和秸秆含水率作为试验因素进行抛送性能试验研究。试验结果表明:各因素对抛送过程生产率影响的主次顺序为主轴转速>叶片倾角>秸秆含水率;对抛送过程功耗影响的主次顺序为主轴转速>秸秆含水率>叶片倾角。当叶片倾角为7°、主轴转速为650r/min、秸秆含水率为22.1%时,抛送过程生产率最高;当叶片倾角为11°、铡草机主轴转速为510r/min、秸秆含水率为27.3%时,抛送过程功率消耗最低;同时,得到了可用于预测铡草机抛送过程生产率和功率消耗的线性回归模型。     

基于HYSPLIT和PSCF的防风固沙生态服务功能空间模拟

针对以盐渍化影响和风沙活动为特征的北方农牧交错带,研究其生态系统服务功能空间差异及其流变机制,有助于明确服务提供区（SPA）与服务受益区（SBA）之间的空间关系,制定跨区生态补偿方案。采用混合单粒子拉格朗日积分轨道（HYSPLIT）模型和源贡献潜势（PSCF）模型,模拟了大型盐碱沙尘源地（安固里淖干涸盐碱湖）防风固沙生态系统服务（SSS）对风蚀的影响,确定了在土地覆盖、人口和国内生产总值（GDP）方面的辐射效益,并以辐射效益结果为依据提出跨地区的横向生态补偿方案。结果表明：在2015年,安固里淖干涸盐碱湖生态系统SSS效益显著,固沙量达到367.93万t;研究区SSS传输路径向东部延伸,主要影响我国华北和东北地区,SBA土地面积为189.37万km2,占全国总面积的19.66%,受益范围包括北京市等15个省(市、区),是研究区面积的41.167倍;受益人口达5.27亿人,受益GDP总量为28.37万亿元;研究区生态系统提供的SSS使得SBA降尘量减少147.17万t,直接经济效益达44.26亿元;研究区投入生态建设的资金应由北京市等15个受益省（市）共同承担,黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区补偿金额最大,其次为河北省、吉林省和辽宁省等,浙江省需支付的生态补偿金额最少。本研究通过横向生态补偿促进生态建设,以减轻由土壤风蚀造成的损害,可为有关部门的政策决策者提供参考。     

驱导辅助充种气吸式精量排种器设计与试验

针对现有气吸式排种器充种环节工作压力要求高、高速作业时充种性能不佳,导致排种质量下降的问题,采用主动驱导种群、减少局部种间接触的方法,提高排种器高速条件下的充种率,并基于此设计了一种驱导辅助充种气吸式精量排种器。分析了排种器充种过程中种子的受力状态,阐述了排种盘导种槽辅助充种的工作原理,以及在充种过程各阶段提高种子充填率的设计思路;对导种槽外形曲线方程、斜面倾角进行了理论计算,确定了曲线的基本参数;利用气固耦合数值分析方法 CFD-DEM,以型孔处局部空隙率为指标,进行了单因素仿真试验,确定了导种槽曲线方程的基圆半径最优值。为了验证设计结果,在工作压力-5、-6 kPa条件下,分别与其他2种气吸式排种器进行速度单因素对比试验,试验结果表明,所设计的排种器在高速条件下的漏充率优于其他排种器。对所设计的排种器进行了前进速度、工作压力的双因素试验,通过多目标优化方法,确定了排种器的最佳工作参数。将所设计的排种器安装在气力式玉米免耕播种机上,在3个工作速度下进行了单因素田间试验,结果表明,当作业速度为9. 11 km/h时,粒距合格指数为95. 48%,高速条件下充种性能较为稳定。     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

黄金树花器官发生及发育的形态观察

利用普通光学显微镜和扫描电镜技术对黄金树花器官的发生及发育过程进行了观察.结果显示:(1)黄金树花器官的形态发生及发育过程集中于3月下旬-5月上旬;(2)花原基分化形成花的整个过程符合一般的分化顺序:花萼原基-花冠原基-雄蕊原基-雌蕊原基,且各原基在分化顺序上存在交叉;(3)花药及胚珠的发育与花器官的形态发生之间有明显的连续性,当花蕾直径为3.0 mm左右时花粉母细胞及完整的花粉囊壁形成,直径达到3.5 mm左右时胚珠中出现孢原细胞的分化,它直接起大孢子母细胞的功能.     

Effect of transketolase-like protein 1 on proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) on proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in vitro. METHODS: The siRNA against TKTL1 mRNA was constructed and transfected into human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE cell line). The activity of transketolase was detected before and after RNA interference.Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression of transketolase (TKT) gene family in the CNE cells.Flow cytometry and MTT test were used to detect the effect of anti-TKTL1 siRNA on cell proliferation and cell cycle in the CNE cells. RESULTS: The total transketolase activity was significantly decreased in the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct compared with the cells transfected with control vector or untransfected CNE cells. No significant difference in the expression level of TKT and TKTL2 gene between the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct and the cells transfected with control vector or untransfected CNE cells was observed (P>0.05). However, the expression level of TKTL1 gene was significantly downregulated in the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct compared with the cells transfected with control vector.Cancer cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase, and cancer cell proliferation was significantly inhibited in the CNE cells transfected with siRNA TKTL1 construct. CONCLUSION: TKTL1 plays an important role in the total transketolase activity and cell proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. TKTL1 may be considered as a potential target for novel anti-cancer therapy.