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101.
Toru Kondo Mamoru Satou Toshiyuki Morikawa Yoshiaki Chikuo 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2014,80(1):99-102
Brown root rot of Russell prairie gentian was observed in the Aomori Prefecture, Japan in April 2011. The fungal isolate from the diseased root was identified as Subplenodomus drobnjacensis on the basis of its morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequences. The isolate induced similar root rot symptoms when inoculated in healthy Russell prairie gentian plants. We proposed the name “brown root rot” for this disease. 相似文献
102.
Considerable evidence indicates that a stimulus that is subthreshold, and thus consciously invisible, influences brain activity and behavioral performance. However, it is not clear how subthreshold stimuli are processed in the brain. We found that a task-irrelevant subthreshold coherent motion led to a stronger disturbance in task performance than did suprathreshold motion. With the subthreshold motion, activity in the visual cortex measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging was higher, but activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex was lower, than with suprathreshold motion. These results suggest that subthreshold irrelevant signals are not subject to effective inhibitory control. 相似文献
103.
Brassinosteroids are plant steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth. When germinated rice seeds were treated with brassinolide (BL), stems were elongated and root spiral formation was observed at 5 nM of BL. Such root spiral formation was not induced by other plant hormones such as auxin and gibberellin. Since weak non-steroidal brassinolide-like compound (NSBR1) also induced spiral formation, this root spiral induction can be used as the index in the search for BL-like compounds. 相似文献
104.
105.
Thomas Soin Ellen De Geyter Hadi Mosallanejad Masatoshi Iga David Martín Shunsuke Ozaki Shigeki Kitsuda Toshiyuki Harada Hisashi Miyagawa Dimitra Stefanou Georgia Kotzia Rodica Efrose Vassiliki Labropoulou Danny Geelen Kostas Iatrou Yoshiaki Nakagawa Colin R Janssen Guy Smagghe Luc Swevers 《Pest management science》2010,66(5):526-535
BACKGROUND: Dibenzoylhydrazine analogues have been developed successfully as a new group of insect growth regulators, called ecdysone agonists or moulting accelerating compounds. A notable feature is their high activity against lepidopteran insects, raising the question as to whether species‐specific analogues can be isolated. In this study, the specificity of ecdysone agonists was addressed through a comparative analysis in two important lepidopterans, the silkworm Bombyx mori L. and the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). RESULTS: When collections of non‐steroidal ecdysone agonists containing different mother structures (dibenzoylhydrazine, acylaminoketone, tetrahydroquinoline) were tested, in vitro reporter assays showed minor differences using cell lines derived from both species. However, when compounds with high ecdysone agonist activity were examined in toxicity assays, larvicidal activity differed considerably. Of note was the identification of three dibenzoylhydrazine analogues with > 100‐fold higher activity against Bombyx than against Spodoptera larvae. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that species‐specific ecdysone‐agonist‐based insecticides can be developed, but their species specificity is not based on differences in the activation of the ecdysone receptor but rather on unidentified in vivo parameters such as permeability of the cuticle, uptake/excretion by the gut or metabolic detoxification. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
106.
N applications that increase plant N during panicle development are highly effective in increasing spikelet number in rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yoshiaki Kamiji Hiroe YoshidaJairo A. Palta Tetsuo SakurataniTatsuhiko Shiraiwa 《Field Crops Research》2011,122(3):242-247
Efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer is critical in improving yield stability in rice. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) top-dressing on the number of total spikelet (fertile plus sterile) production and evaluate the effect among rice cultivars. We analyzed 136 sets of experimental data on growth and spikelet production for three lowland cultivars, grown under various regimes of N over 10 seasons at Kyoto, Ibaraki and Kanagawa, Japan. In each season, one to three of the lowland cultivars, Nipponbare (japonica), Koshihikari (japonica) and Takanari (indica), were studied. In 1986, 1995 and 1999-2001, the N regimes included basal application only, light basal and heavy top-dressing from the panicle initiation stage onward, heavy basal and heavy top-dressing from the spikelet formation stage onward, and no applications. In 2002 and 2005-2008, we set up experimental plots with varied time of N top-dressing, with or without N basal application. Takanari had the largest spikelet number averaged over all plots and was considered better efficient in spikelet production per applied N than the other cultivars. Although the trend is not clear, the effect of time of top-dressing on spikelet number was generally the greatest when N was top-dressed from 35 to 30 days before heading. The variation of observed spikelet number was analyzed with a linear regression of plant N 14 days before heading and by a model that estimates spikelet production accounting for plant N 14 days before heading and crop growth rate (CGR) during the 14-day period preceding heading. For the variation of spikelet number within each cultivar, the linear function model expressed the observed spikelet number than the two function model with R2 0.43** versus 0.13*-0.28** for the former and later models, respectively. When the results of all cultivars were combined, the two function model was much better for estimation of spikelet number than the linear function model (R2 = 0.36** vs. 0.20*). This indicates that yearly and varietal variation of spikelet number was caused mainly by plant N status at the late spikelet differentiation stage. The varietal variation in spikelet production efficiency is explained by CGR during this 14-day period. We concluded that N applications that increase plant N 14 days before heading is highly effective in maximizing spikelet production among cultivars. 相似文献
107.
Kikunaga Shigeshi Miyata Yoshiaki Ishibashi Genji Koyama Fusae Tano Keiko 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,53(3):265-274
The bioavailability of magnesium from Wakame and Hijiki, and the effects of alginic acid on absorption of dietary magnesium were examined in five groups of rats fed either control, Wakame, Hijiki, AW (containing the same amount of alginate as in the Wakame) and AH (containing the same amount of alginate as in the Hijiki) diets, and animals fed a low magnesium diet (LMg) (twentieth amount of magnesium in the original mineral mixtures as the control). Food intake and body weight gain were decreased by adding sodium alginate to the diets. A large amount of calcium accumulated only in the kidneys of the rats fed the LMg diet. Serum magnesium concentration decreased only in the LMg group. The magnesium content in the defatted left femurs did not differ between the control and Wakame fed animals and also among the animals eating Wakame, Hijiki and AW diets. The breaking force of the right femurs did not differ among all the groups except the LMg group. The ratio of apparent magnesium absorption (%) of the control, LMg, Wakame, Hijiki, AW and AH groups was 82.2, 72.7, 66.9, 50.8, 69.3 and 54.2 in the first experimental period, and was 75.3, 52.1, 57.7, 46.9, 62.6 and 60.5 in the second experimental period, respectively. It was clear that the bioavailability of magnesium in the Wakame fed rats was higher than in those eating the Hijiki. Large amounts of sodium alginate lowered magnesium absorption from the diet. 相似文献
108.
Akihiro Okamura Yoshiaki Yamada Naomi Mikawa Noriyuki Horie Tomoko Utoh Toyoji Kaneko Satoru Tanaka Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2009,296(3-4):367-372
We investigated the effects of low-salinity water on the growth, survival, and activity of artificially reared Japanese eel larvae (Anguilla japonica), proceeding from the assumption that such water quality saves energy due to lower cost for osmoregulation. We reared 5-day-old larvae in 0%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% seawater (SW) with or without diet for 13 days. All larvae reared in 0% and 10% SW died within 6 days, while larvae in 70% and 100% SW survived until 9 days. Larvae in 30% and 50% SW further survived until 13 days without diet. Significant growth in body depth was observed in 30% and 50% SW after 7 days rearing with diet (0.65 ± 0.02 and 0.62 ± 0.02 mm, respectively) as compared with the initial size (0.49 ± 0.03 mm), while no significant growth was observed under the other salinity conditions examined. Larvae swam actively in the light (about 2000 lx) in 50%, 70%, and 100% SW, while they were apparently inactive in 0%, 10%, and 30% SW. The long-term rearing trial showed a 2.2-fold higher 2-month cumulative survival rate in 50% SW (18.2%) than in 100% SW (8.2%). The body depth of larvae in 50% SW (1.58 ± 0.47 mm) was also significantly larger than in 100% SW (1.32 ± 0.35 mm). These findings indicate that the intermediate salinity can result in better growth and survival performance in Japanese eel larvae. 相似文献
109.
Chiyoko Miyata Yoshihide Matoba Makiko Mukumoto Yoshiaki Nakagawa Hisashi Miyagawa 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2022,47(2):86
The ability to predict the environmental behavior of chemicals precisely is important for realizing more rational regulation. In this study, the bioaccumulation of nine chemicals of different molecular weights absorbed via the intestinal tract was evaluated in fish using the everted gut sac method. The amounts of chemicals that passed through the intestinal membrane after a 24-hr exposure were significantly decreased for chemicals with MW≥548 and Dmax min≥15.8 Å (or Dmax aver≥17.2 Å). These thresholds are consistent with those previously proposed in terms of MW (>800) and molecular size (Dmax min>15.6 Å or Dmax aver>17.1 Å) for the limit of permeable chemicals through the gill membrane. The results show that the same MW and Dmax criteria can be used to predict low bioaccumulation through both the gill membrane and the intestinal tract. These findings are helpful in reducing the need to conduct animal tests in environmental safety studies. 相似文献
110.
Takashi Okayama Tooru Ooizumi Yoshiaki Akahane Sei-Ichi Kitakami Yo-Ichi Abe Jun Shirai 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(4):931-939
Changes in physical properties of two-step heated gels on addition of gluconate were investigated in terms of relationships
between breaking strength and gel stiffness. Regression lines between the breaking strength and the gel stiffness were extended
to the x-axis (gel stiffness), and the intercept was defined as SBSO. The SBSO of the two-step heated gels increased with gluconate contents in salt-ground surimis, suggesting that the harder but less elastic gels formed on addition of gluconate were dose-dependent. Conversely, the denaturation
rate constants of myosin in salt-ground surimis during preheating estimated by means of Ca-ATPase inactivation, loss of salt solubility, and decrease of denaturant solubility
were considerably reduced by gluconate. Thus, the progress of myosin denaturation was strongly suppressed. Increments of SBSO (δSBSO) of the two-step heated gels on addition of gluconate were inversely correlated with the denaturation rate constants of myosin
in salt-ground surimis for every index. Thus, the changes in physical parameters of two-step heated gel caused by gluconate may be associated with
the sluggish progress of myosin denaturation in salt-ground surimi during preheating. 相似文献