县级畜禽屠宰管理工作中的新问题剖析

江西省南丰县畜禽屠宰管理职责由商务局移交农业部门后,相关工作进入一个全新的模式。但制度设计、单位状况、社会习惯等方面因素影响了交接后畜禽屠宰管理工作稳步发展。对于南丰县畜禽屠宰管理工作,笔者认为应从坚持政府主导,充分发挥市场的积极作用,大力查办违法违规案件及强化部门间协调配合等方面入手加以解决。     

一氧化氮信号途径参与草地早熟禾耐镉机制的研究

为探究信号分子一氧化氮（Nitric Oxide,NO）对镉（Cadmium,Cd）胁迫下草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）的调控机理,揭示草地早熟禾耐镉机理,本试验采取根施1000 μmol·L^-1氯化镉（Cadmium chloride hemidihydrate,CdCl₂·2.5H₂O）及叶面喷施NO合成酶抑制剂（L-硝基精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME））、硝酸还原酶抑制剂（钨酸钠（Tungstate））、NO清除剂（4-羧基苯-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑-1-氧-3-氧化物（cPTIO））处理草地早熟禾叶片,研究不同处理对草地早熟禾幼苗叶片生长及抗氧化酶活性、光合色素含量、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）、游离脯氨酸、内源NO含量的影响。研究发现,镉胁迫下草地早熟禾内源NO含量增加,添加一氧化氮清除剂、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、硝酸还原酶抑制剂可增加超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（Ascorbate peroxidase,APX）活性,降低过氧化物酶（Peroxidase,POD）活性,增加叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、丙二醛含量,降低脯氨酸（Proline,Pro）含量、叶片相对含水量（Relative Water Content,RWC）和干物质量（Dry matter content）。结果表明,一氧化氮合酶途径可能是早熟禾合成NO的主要途径,内源NO可通过调节抗氧化酶活性、光合色素含量、游离脯氨酸含量等途径缓解镉胁迫。     

A cluster of two psittacosis cases among women farmers exposed to Chlamydia psittaci-infected domestic poultry in Zhejiang Province,China

A cluster of Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) cases was reported in Zhejiang Province, China, 2019. This study evaluates the extent of the outbreak and determines the source of infection. Real-time PCR and sequencing of the ompA gene of C. psittaci were performed to identify the cases, the domesticated poultry and close contacts. The index patient was a 76-year-old woman with chronic vertigo, and Case 2 was a 64-year-old female farmer with herpes zoster. Both women bought psittaci-infected chickens or ducks from the same mobile street vendor and raised them for 10 days and 23 days before fever onset. There were no direct contact between the two women. C. psittaci test was positive for the two patients, one sick chicken, three healthy ducks and the vendor's chicken cage. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all seven C. psittaci positive samples carried identical ompA genotype A of C. psittaci. Of all of the patients' 148 close contacts, none tested positive for C. psittaci, or developed acute respiratory symptoms. Both patients were discharged after a 4-week hospital stay. In conclusion, the source of this cluster was the poultry infected with C. psittaci, which occasionally cause infections in farmers, but inter-human transmission seems unlikely.     

凉州区奶牛乳房炎主要病原分离鉴定及药敏试验

乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病,随着奶牛产业的蓬勃发展,乳房炎已经成为制约该产业的瓶颈之一。从甘肃省武威市凉州区5个奶牛养殖场采集了1 000头荷斯坦奶牛共计3 991份奶样,对临床型和非临床型(隐性)乳房炎分别通过临床症状和兰州隐性乳房炎诊断液(LMT)进行诊断。结果显示:该地区奶牛临床型乳房炎发病率18.20%,亚临床型乳房炎发病率36.50%,总阳性率54.70%,总阳性乳区率54.72%。从阳性奶样中分离纯化得到的主要病原菌为链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,且在不同类型乳房炎中的分布情况不同,临床型中链球菌属最多(54.37%),亚临床型中金黄色葡萄球菌最多(48.56%)。对主要病原菌进行药敏试验,结果表明治疗凉州区奶牛乳房炎的最佳药物应为喹诺酮类和庆大霉素类。     

Animal Biowarfare Research: Historical Perspective and Potential Future Attacks

A biological attack on livestock or poultry could result in the loss of valuable animals, costs related to the containment of outbreaks and the disposal of carcasses, lost trade and other economic effects involving suppliers, transporters, distributors and restaurants; however, it is not possible to secure all livestock, and livestock are much less well guarded than human targets. Thus, the vulnerability of the livestock industry to the introduction of biological agents varies for the following reasons: (i) the majority of lethal and contagious biological agents are environmentally resilient, endemic in foreign countries and harmless to humans, making it easier for terrorists to acquire, handle and deploy these pathogens, (ii) with animals concentrated in fewer production facilities and frequently transported between these facilities, a single pathogen introduction could cause widespread infection and (iii) the extent of human travel around the globe makes it difficult to exclude exotic animal diseases as possible biological agents. Historically, many governments have developed and planned to use biological agents for direct attacks on livestock or poultry. In the past, developed nations have actively developed biological weapons to target animals. The potential spectrum of bioterrorism ranges from isolated acts against individuals by individuals to tactical and strategic military attacks and state‐sponsored international terrorism intended to cause mass casualties in animals, humans or both. This review provides an overview of the past development and use of biological weapons and describes potential future attacks.     

干旱对草坪草的影响

综述了干旱条件下草坪草的生态适应性,细胞膜、细胞壁、叶绿体超微结构的变化,草坪草对干旱胁迫的生理生化反应,以及提高草坪抗旱性的途径。     

生长激素对蛋白质动态代谢与氨基酸利用的调控

生长激素是调节动物生长的众多激素中最重要的一种 ,它通过在肌肉与脂肪组织之间极强的营养重分配作用 ,增加体蛋白沉积 ,减少脂肪沉积 ,从而改变这两种组织的生长状况来实现其促生长功能。动物体内蛋白沉积是蛋白合成与降解同时进行的两个过程动态平衡的结果。本文综述了近年来有关生长激素对动物蛋白质动态代谢与氨基酸利用调控方面的研究结果 ,指出生长激素使蛋白质合成与降解速率均增加 ,整体蛋白质周转代谢强度加大 ,从而导致蛋白质沉积增加。     

缉毒犬搜索耐力的培养

缉毒犬搜索耐力基础培养训练分为搜索兴奋性培养阶段、搜索细致性培养阶段和搜索持久性培养阶段,这三个阶段呈递进关系.     

玉米副产物的饲用价值

本文主要介绍了玉米加工的副产物的种类、数量及常见几种主要玉米副产物的营养价值,并进一步阐述了其饲用畜禽的饲用价值。     

小肽的吸收与转运及其营养作用

随着动物营养学研究的发展,蛋白质营养的研究也在逐步深入,由原来的粗蛋白营养发展到氨基酸营养,进一步发展到现在的小肽营养。本文就小肽的吸收、转运、营养及其在动物生产中的应用,以及目前小肽研究领域中存在的问题等方面进行阐述。