Ultrastructure of the sensilla on antennae and mouthparts of larval and adult Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae) is an important agricultural pest throughout the world. In this study, the morphology of antennal and mouthpart sensilla in the larvae and adults of P. xylostella (L.) was observed by using a scanning electron microscope. The larval antennae possess six sensilla basiconica, two sensilla chaetica and one sensillum styloconicum. Larval mouthparts possess six types of sensilla: sensilla chaetica, sensilla digitiformia, sensilla epipharyngeal, sensilla basiconica, sensilla styloconica and sensilla placodea. In the adult, seven types of sensilla are found on the antennae in males and six types of sensilla (sensilla basiconica absent) occur in females. Sexual dimorphism is also found in the number and size of these sensilla on the antennae of adults. We describe for the first time the five types of sensilla on the mouthparts of the adult of P. xylostella. This study provides useful information for further research into the function of these sensilla, and better understanding the behavioral mechanisms involved in pest control.     

低能耗日光温室建筑空间形态特征参数的取值原则

【目的】建造低能耗日光温室,提高日光温室冬季反季节蔬菜作物生产太阳能被动利用率、降低温室供热需求。【方法】基于建筑热工设计理论和建筑能耗模拟,研究日光温室建筑空间形态特征参数对温室光热环境营造的影响规律,并结合日光温室建筑构造特点,以及反季节蔬菜作物生产过程的光热环境需求特点,给出低能耗日光温室建筑空间形态特征参数的设计条件。【结果】同一地区日光温室高跨比不受跨度变化的影响,只与当地室外空气温度以及太阳辐射强度的变化相关;大暑日至翌年小满日期间,后屋面水平投影长度不应影响日光温室后排蔬菜作物接收太阳光照;确保冬至日至大寒日期间北墙可接收太阳光照射,对冬季反季节蔬菜作物生产期及日光温室高效利用太阳能具有重要的影响。【结论】基于该取值原则优化设计的温室,较北京地区现行常见温室需要提供的累积补充供热量减少15.7%,节能效果明显,为低能耗日光温室优化设计提供重要设计依据和方法参考。     

大数据时代政府数据开放与利用的保障机制研究

随着近年来中国信息技术快速发展,有必要利用大数据技术就政府数据公开与利用构建保障机制,提高政府信息资源利用效率,鼓励公众积极参与到社会事务中。文章在分析大数据技术内容及特征的基础上,就政府数据开放与利用的意义进行了探讨,包括增强政府信息透明性、提升政府部门工作效率、促进公民参与政治事务等,并大数据时代政府数据公开与利用的功能优势进行了研究,总结出了大数据时代政府数据公开与利用保障机制的构建途径。     

蚯蚓发酵液对果蔬品质的影响

为探索蚯蚓发酵液对果蔬品质的影响,以番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、枸杞、葡萄、西瓜和甜瓜为材料,设置不施肥（CK1）、单施化肥（CK2）、施用蚯蚓发酵液（T）3种施肥处理,测定了维生素C（V_c）、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸、有机酸等果蔬营养品质指标和硝酸盐含量。结果表明：施用蚯蚓发酵液可显著增加7种果蔬的V_c、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量,显著降低有机酸和硝酸盐含量,即蚯蚓发酵液有利于营养品质的形成,并能改善果蔬的适口性。     

带鱼高F值寡肽的制备工艺及活性

以带鱼为原料,通过双酶分步水解制备蛋白酶解液,利用活性炭吸附脱除芳香族氨基酸,紫外和氨基酸组成分析测定高F值寡肽(HFP)的F值,并对昆明小鼠体内的活性进行了系统评价。酶解实验结果显示,带鱼蛋白采用胃蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行双酶分步水解,胃蛋白酶的最优酶解工艺参数为酶用量3%,料液比1∶5(g/m L),温度35°C,p H 2.0,酶解时间3 h;风味蛋白酶的最优酶解工艺参数为酶用量3%,p H 7.0,温度50°C,酶解时间3 h。活性炭型号筛选和脱芳工艺研究表明,4号粉末活性炭(200目)优于其他4种活性炭,在料液比1∶20(g/m L)、p H 6.0、常温下处理4 h,蛋液的脱芳率最高,F值(OD220/OD280)由脱芳前的5.75增加到脱芳后的30.72。制备的带鱼高F值寡肽经氨基酸组成分析验证,F值(支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸)为28.06。活性实验结果显示,与对照组相比,高F值寡肽剂量组昆明小鼠的醉酒时间明显延长,醒酒时间显著缩短,力竭游泳时间明显延长,游泳后的剂量组肝糖原和肌糖原含量增加,血清尿素氮和乳酸含量下降,而乳酸脱氢酶活性则明显提高。另外,剂量组小鼠体内的抗氧化酶SOD、GSH-Px和CAT的活性均显著提高,而丙二醛含量则显著减少。本实验为带鱼高F值寡肽的制备提供技术支持,所制备的高F值寡肽对小鼠具有较好的抗醉酒、醒酒、抗疲劳作用和抗氧化活性。     

流水和静水条件下鲢幼鱼对不同强度光源的趋性行为研究

结合鱼类的集群行为,探究了在流水和静水处理下鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)幼鱼的光强偏好。实验流速工况设置包括静水和流水(流速为0.1m/s),光强水平设置为0、10、20、40、70、110lx,并依次进行了实验对象的个体(1尾)实验和群体(5尾)实验。结果显示:(1)个体流水处理在不同光照度水平下的吸引率和排斥率均无显著性差异(P0.05),但个体静水处理20lx和110lx组的光吸引率显著大于40lx和70lx组(P0.05),其他均无显著差异(P0.05);(2)不同流速和实验鱼数量下的光吸引率,由高到低依次为群体流水处理、群体静水处理、个体流水处理、个体静水处理。光排斥率由高到低依次为个体静水处理、个体流水处理、群体静水处理、群体流水处理。研究表明,一定水流速度能够刺激鲢幼鱼趋流,从而提高光的吸引作用,且群体的趋光性要强于个体;(3)流水处理下,鲢幼鱼的最近邻距离(DNN,群体紧凑程度指标)随光强的增大,先减小后增大,集群程度先升高后降低,其中,70lx水平对应的DNN显著高于0lx(F=1.489,P0.05),而静水处理下各光强水平对应的实验鱼DNN无显著性差异(P0.05),集群行为无明显变化。     

云南番茄褪绿病毒和菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒复合侵染番茄的分子鉴定

正菜豆金色花叶病毒属Begomovirus是双生病毒科Geminiviridae中病毒种类最多且最具经济毁灭性的病毒属(Martelli et al.,2011)。云南省楚雄州元谋县是我国重要反季节蔬菜种植基地,番茄是该县主要的反季节种植蔬菜,由于气候条件适宜,该地区番茄受菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒危害严重。近年来     

Extraction and Characterization of Phospholipid-Enriched Oils from Antarctic Krill (Euphausia Superba) with Different Solvents

Krill oils (KOs) were extracted from Antarctic krill using ethanol, hexane, or their mixture (1:2, v/v) with yields of 21.32%, 8.50%, and 18.75%, respectively. The total nitrogen content of the aforementioned oils was 2.76%, 1.06%, and 1.87%, respectively, indicating the presence of lipoprotein. All KOs contained a high proportion of phospholipid (PL) (30.20–64.82% of total lipids) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (30.00–34.94% of total FAs). Among PL, phosphatidylcholine was dominant (89.81–90.60 mol %). In contrast, KO extracted with the mixed solvent had the highest amount of glycerophosphocholine species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).     

Improvement of flesh quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed supranutritional dietary selenium yeast is associated with the inhibited muscle protein degradation

Supranutritional dietary selenium (Se) has been demonstrated beneficial for fish health, however, its effects on fish flesh quality remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of supranutritional dietary Se on the flesh quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their potential mechanism. Fish were fed a basal diet supplemented with or without graded Se yeast for 10 weeks. Results showed that Se supplementation significantly increased fillet crude protein and enhanced fillet water‐holding capacity as well as fillet firmness. Supplementing with both 2 and 4 mg/kg Se significantly downregulated the expressions of two autophagy–lysosome‐related genes (autophagy‐related 12‐like and gamma‐aminobutyric acid type A receptor‐associated protein‐like 1) in fish muscle, while supplementing with 4 mg/kg Se also significantly downregulated the expression of two ubiquitin–proteasome‐related genes (muscle RING finger 2 and F‐box protein 25). Correlation analysis indicated that the improved fillet quality parameters were closely correlated with the expressions of these differentially expressed genes. This study revealed that dietary Se was effective for the improvement of rainbow trout flesh quality, and the improved fish flesh quality was associated with the inhibited protein degradation in fish muscle.     

福建柳杉毛虫的七种寄生蝇形态记述和生物学

柳杉毛虫是一种严重为害柳杉的食叶害虫,探明柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇种类,将为该虫优势天敌的筛选提供更多的选择。本研究从野外采集柳杉毛虫幼虫并带回室内饲养,出蛆化蛹,羽化获得不同种类的寄生蝇。对获得的寄生蝇进行分类、鉴定,并描述其系统分类地位、形态特征、地理分布及寄主。调查发现,柳杉毛虫的寄生蝇由多到少依次为蚕饰腹寄蝇Blepharipa zebina(Walker),瘦钩鬃麻蝇Sarcophaga(Sarcorohdendorfia)gracilior(Chen),黑角狭颊寄蝇Carcelia(s.str.)nigrantennata Chao et Liang,松毛虫狭颊寄蝇C.(s.str.)matsukarehae(Shima),星毛虫狭颊寄蝇C.(s.str.)illiberisi Chao et Liang,拟庸赘寄蝇Drino(Palexorista)inconspicuoides(Baranov),羚足鬃麻蝇S.(Sarcorohdendorfia)antilope B#x00F6;ttcher,共7种,其中蚕饰腹寄蝇、瘦钩鬃麻蝇、黑角狭颊寄蝇分布较广,种群数量较多,寄生率较高,分别为7.44%、7.37%、5.48%,被认为是优势种;且拟庸赘寄蝇为福建新分布记录;柳杉毛虫是黑角狭颊寄蝇、星毛虫狭颊寄蝇、拟庸赘寄蝇的新寄主;还发现2种重寄生蜂寄生于寄生蝇。记述柳杉毛虫的7种寄生蝇形态特征,有助于今后识别其天敌昆虫,研究害虫与天敌的种间关系,评价寄生蝇种群对维护柳杉林分生态系统稳定和防控柳杉毛虫的潜能,具有重要意义。