大棚内麻地膜覆盖栽培对土壤环境和大豆产量的影响

通过在大棚内进行不同地膜覆盖栽培春季大豆试验,研究了大棚内麻地膜覆盖对土壤环境温度、水分及微生物和大豆产量的影响。结果表明,大棚内麻地膜覆盖在低温时可显著提高土壤温度,在高温时土壤温度相对于塑料地膜(PE)和无覆盖(CK)较低;并能提高土壤含水量,增加土壤孔隙度,增加土壤微生物数目,从而提高大豆产量,麻地膜(R)比聚乙烯农用地膜(PE)增产12%,比CK增产54%。可见,大棚内麻地膜覆盖栽培可改善土壤环境,提高作物产量,是解决塑料污染问题行之有效的措施。     

重庆主城市区至郊区植被组成特点梯度变化

调查了重庆市主城区东、西、南、北4条贯穿城市中心区、近郊、远郊的样带,分析比较了每条样带的城市中心区、近郊、远郊木本植物的物种丰富度、物种多样性以及乡土树种占木本植物物种的比例等.结果表明:1 4条样带城市中心区木本植物物种丰富度指数和物种多样性指数都明显高于郊区.2"渝中区-南山-明月山脉"样带和"沙坪坝-歌乐山-虎峰山"样带木本植物物种丰富度指数和物种多样性指数从大到小依次为:城市中心区,远郊,近郊;"江北区-复兴镇"样带和"九龙坡区-桥口坝风景区"样带木本植物物种丰富度指数和物种多样性指数从大到小依次为:城市中心区、近郊、远郊.34条样带乡土树种占木本植物物种的比例从大到小依次为:远郊、近郊、城市中心区.并在此基础上探讨了重庆市主城区在城市绿化建设和城市化进程中应注意的一些群落学问题.     

甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)千粒重性状遗传体系分析

通过遗传差异较大的2个甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）纯系亲本组合（HSTC14×宁油7号）衍生后代的世代家系群体分析，应用主基因+多基因家系世代联合分离分析方法研究油菜千粒重的遗传体系。结果表明，甘蓝型油菜HSTC14×宁油7号组合千粒重遗传体系系由一对主基因+多基因构成，主基因中只有加性效应(d = 0.1062),不存在显     

大型真菌重金属富集的研究进展

大型真菌是一类重要的生物资源,在自然界物质循环和维持生态平衡中发挥着非常重要的作用。自从大型真菌富集重金属的富集特性被发现以来,国内外的相关研究陆续展开。从大型真菌的重金属富集作用和重金属超积累作用、大型真菌富集重金属的生理生化机制及大型真菌重金属富集特性的应用等方面,总结、评述了大型真菌重金属富集方面的研究进展。     

夏季奶牛乳房炎的综合防治措施

奶牛乳房炎是危害奶牛生产的一项重大疾病,是奶牛生产中的常见病和多发病,尤其在夏季发病率很高。笔者通过查阅大量文献资料和总结自身实践经验,对夏季奶牛乳房炎的有效防治进行综述,以供同行参考。     

多传感器信息融合技术及在农业工程中的应用前景

多传感器信息融合技术是20世纪80年代形成和发展起来的一种自动化信息综合处理技术，具有改善系统性能的巨大潜力。该文介绍了近年来多传感器信息技术在智能检测、智能制造、工业控制、工业机器人、智能交通、遥感以及农业工程等方面的应用研究与进展。特别指出了在农业工程领域中的应用前景广阔，目前可逐步应用于智能检测与控制系统、生产过程监视、精确农业技术、农业资源和农业环境的观测及监控方面，其将为农业生产的信息化和知识化提供技术上的支持。     

Study of anticancer activities of muscadine grape phenolics in vitro

Muscadine grapes have unique aroma and flavor characteristics. Although a few studies reported high polyphenols content of muscadine grapes, little research has been conducted to evaluate the phenolic compounds bioactivities in any muscadine grape cultivar. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phenolic compounds in muscadine grapes on cancer cell viability and apoptosis. Four cultivars of muscadine (Carlos, Ison, Noble, and Supreme) were assessed in this study. Phenolic compounds were extracted from muscadine skins and further separated into phenolic acids, tannins, flavonols, and anthocyanins using HLB cartridge and LH20 column. Some individual phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified by HPLC. Anthocyanin fractions were more than 90% pure. The effect of different fractions on the viability and apoptosis of two colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2) was evaluated. A 50% inhibition of cancer cell population growth for the two cell lines was observed at concentrations of 1-7 mg/mL for crude extracts. The phenolic acid fractions showed a 50% inhibition at the level of 0.5-3 mg/mL. The greatest inhibitory activity was found in the anthocyanin fraction, with a 50% inhibition at concentrations of approximately 200 microg/mL in HT-29 and 100-300 microg/mL in Caco-2. Anthocyanin fractions also resulted in 2-4 times increase in DNA fragmentation, indicating the induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest that polyphenols from muscadine grapes may have anticancer properties.     

烯效唑浸种对盐胁迫下糜子萌发和幼苗质量的调控效应

试验研究了烯效唑浸种对盐胁迫下不同糜子品种萌发和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明:与不浸种(CK1)和蒸馏水浸种(CK2)相比,烯效唑浸种显著提高了盐胁迫下粘丰5号的发芽势和发芽率,而对齐黍1号的作用不显著,且高浓度浸种起抑制作用;烯效唑浸种处理明显抑制了盐胁迫下两个供试品种糜子幼苗株高,并且抑制作用随浸种浓度的提高而加重;除粘丰5号的T5处理外,其它浸种处理均显著或极显著地提高了盐胁迫下两个供试品种幼苗侧根数和侧根总长;不同浓度浸种处理均对盐胁迫下粘丰5号主根长起抑制作用,而高浓度烯效唑浸种处理(T4和T5)则对齐黍1号主根长起促进作用;不同浓度烯效唑浸种处理对盐胁迫下粘丰5号叶和齐黍1号叶、根中SOD活性起抑制作用,而T1和T2对粘丰5号根中SOD活性起一定促进作用,而适当浓度烯效唑浸种(25~100 mg·L-1)可有效提高两个供试品种叶和根的APX活性。综合分析可知,T3处理(100 mg·L-1)虽对盐胁迫下两个供试糜子品种萌发的促进作用不是最显著,甚至起到抑制作用,但可明显促进幼苗重量、侧根发育、保护酶活性,在实际生产中可通过加大播种量的方法保证苗齐、苗壮。     

慢性盐度胁迫下金钱鱼卵巢转录组分析

为了阐明盐度胁迫对金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)代谢和生殖的影响,采用RNA-seq技术对低盐组(5)、对照组(25)和高盐组(35)处理40 d后的2龄性成熟金钱鱼卵巢进行转录组分析。结果发现,金钱鱼卵巢转录组测序获得raw reads共398681318,clean reads共396910398。从低盐胁迫相对对照组(5 vs 25)和高盐胁迫相对对照组(35 vs 25)中分别筛选到373个和874个差异表达基因(DEGs)。与对照组相比,低盐胁迫后氨基酸代谢相关基因(sds、bhmt)和脂肪酸代谢相关基因(pnpla2)显著下调;高盐胁迫后pgr、cyp17a1和ers1等生殖相关基因显著下调。KEGG通路富集分析发现,低盐胁迫组相对对照组显著富集与代谢相关的通路为半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成代谢,脂肪酸生物合成,脂肪酸代谢,皮质醇的合成和分泌,醛固酮的合成和分泌,脂肪细胞脂解的调节等;高盐胁迫组相对对照组中显著富集的与生殖相关的通路为雌激素信号传导通路。这些结果表明,氨基酸和脂肪酸的代谢调控可能在金钱鱼卵巢的低渗透压调节中起重要作用...     

Effect of hydrogen peroxide exposures on mucous cells and lysozymes of gill tissues of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaeceus

We investigated the effects of hydrogen peroxide on mucous cells and lysozymes in gill tissue of olive flounder. Morphological analysis revealed significant changes in the number of mucous cells after exposure to 300 and 500 mg L ^{? 1} hydrogen peroxide; however, there was no detectable difference in the 100 mg L ^{? 1} group. Lysozyme activities declined gradually in the gill mucus, but in contrast activities in serum increased significantly following the completion of treatment. The hepatic c‐ and g‐type lysozyme levels showed significant responses, indicating that the liver is a major lysozyme producer in response to stress condition; however, in the head kidney, there were no significant changes in the g‐type lysozyme level in all the groups, while the only detectable difference with the c‐type gene in the 300 mg L ^{? 1}. While the treatments showed no significant changes compared with the control for either branchial lysozyme, there were significant differences in c‐type lysozyme between the 3rd treatment and 5 day. Taken together, our data indicate that hydrogen peroxide treatment may lead to modulation of the innate immune response of olive flounder; therefore, the application of hydrogen peroxide in a field system will require more attention to dose and timing effects.