不同穗型水稻品种直播产量及其群体质量特征的研究

以江苏近年育成的10个中熟中粳水稻品种(系)为直播材料, 依品种在直播条件下形成的不同穗重进行划分为大中小3种穗型,研究其产量及其群体质量特征.结果表明:3种穗型水稻以中穗型水稻品种在直播栽培条件下产量较高,主要原因是其在较高有效穗的基础上增加了穗粒数,即颖花量显著增加.同时其产量的提高也依赖于关键生育期较高的LAI和高的干物质积累量,高的茎鞘物质输出率和茎鞘物质表观转换率和转化率,同时保持了较高的成穗率等源库协调的群体质量特征.依据不同穗型品种产量及群体质量特征,对直播稻品种的合理选用及高产途径进行讨论.     

Saquayamycin B1 Suppresses Proliferation,Invasion, and Migration by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Moromycin B (Mor B), saquayamycin B₁ (Saq B₁), saquayamycin B (Saq B), and landomycin N (Lan N), four angucyclines produced by the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp., are a class of polyketone compounds containing benzanthracene. Here, the structure–activity relationship of these four compounds was analyzed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Saq B₁, which showed the strongest cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 0.18–0.84 µM for CRC cells in MTT assays, was employed to test underlying mechanisms of action in SW480 and SW620 cells (two invasive CRC cell lines). Our results showed that Saq B₁ inhibited CRC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Notably, lower cytotoxicity was measured in normal human hepatocyte cells (QSG-7701). Furthermore, we observed proapoptosis, antimigration, and anti-invasion activities of Saq B₁ in CRC cells. At the same time, the protein and mRNA expression of important markers related to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis changed, including N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and Bcl-2, in Saq B₁-treated CRC cells. Surprisingly, the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was shown to be involved in Saq B₁-induced apoptosis, and in inhibiting invasion and migration. Computer docking models also suggested that Saq B₁ might bind to PI3Kα. Collectively, these results indicate that Saq B₁ effectively inhibited growth and decreased the motor ability of CRC cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides more possibilities for the development of drugs in the treatment of CRC.     

中国药用竹类多样性及其价值

竹子的药用功能是指竹类植物可以作为中药药材加以利用的属性,是中国竹类功能多样性的重要组成部分。在中国药用竹类中,有的本身就是传统中药,历史上早有应用并沿用至今;有的具有保健作用,被竹子分布区及周边群众长期利用,用以养生保健。文章收集整理了中国具有药用功能的竹类植物种类,分析了其药用功能。结果表明,中国传统药用竹类有11属30种1变种4栽培品种,保健竹类有7属8种,共计涉及竹类15属43种及种下分类群。     

Preparation and Hepatoprotective Activities of Peptides Derived from Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Clams (Ruditapes philippinarum)

Low molecular weight (<5 kDa) peptides from mussels (Mytilus edulis) (MPs) and the peptides from clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) (CPs) were prepared through enzymatic hydrolysis by proteases (dispase, pepsin, trypsin, alcalase and papain). Both the MPs and the CPs showed excellent in vitro scavenging ability of free radicals including OH, DPPH and ABTS in the concentration range of 0.625–10.000 mg/mL. By contrast, the MPs hydrolyzed by alcalase (MPs-A) and the CPs hydrolyzed by dispase (CPs-D) had the highest antioxidant activities. Furthermore, MPs-A and CPs-D exhibited protective capabilities against oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ in HepG2 cells in the concentration range of 25–800 μg/mL. Meanwhile, compared with the corresponding indicators of the negative control (alcohol-fed) mice, lower contents of hepatic MDA and serums ALT and AST, as well as higher activities of hepatic SOD and GSH-PX were observed in experiment mice treated with MPs-A and CPs-D. The present results clearly indicated that Mytilus edulis and Ruditapes philippinarum are good sources of hepatoprotective peptides.     

Physicochemical,Structural and Antioxidant Properties of Collagens from the Swim Bladder of Four Fish Species

This study aimed to isolate and characterize pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) from marine and freshwater fish swim bladders. The physicochemical properties, protein pattern, amino acid composition, structure, thermal denaturation temperature, and antioxidant activity of PSC from four different swim bladder sources were investigated and compared. The results demonstrated that the four types of collagen extracted were all type I collagen. The yield of PSC extracted from grass carp (GCSB-PSC), bighead carp (BCSB-PSC), grouper (GSB-PSC), and monkfish swim bladders (MSB-PSC) were 38.98, 27.97, 18.16, and 10.35%, respectively. Compared to the other three PSCs, BCSB-PSC has the highest thermal denaturation temperature (38.60 °C). Based on FTIR spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) analysis, the extracted PSCs retained the triple helix and secondary structure well. Antioxidant studies showed that in the swim bladders of four species the swim bladder PSC could scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals. Overall, swim bladders from marine and freshwater fish can be utilized as raw materials for collagen extraction, and the extracted collagen has potential commercial applications.     

Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Carrying Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin (oncoVV-AVL) Enhances Inflammatory Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (AVL) is a C-type marine lectin derived from sponges. Our previous study demonstrated that oncolytic vaccinia virus carrying AVL (oncoVV-AVL) significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of oncoVV in cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of Ras/ERK, MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. In this study, the inflammatory response induced by oncoVV-AVL in a hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) model was investigated. The results showed that oncoVV-AVL increased the levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α through activating the AP-1 signaling pathway in HCC. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of lectin AVL in the field of cancer therapy.     

钩状木霉与枯草芽孢杆菌在核桃根际土壤中的定殖研究

[目的]植物病害生防菌在植物根际土壤中的定殖情况是影响其发挥生防作用的重要因素之一.近年来,由核桃炭疽病菌引起的核桃炭疽病对云南省核桃产业的发展产生了较为严重的危害,已成为该省核桃产业发展的重要制约因素.前期,通过对大理州漾濞县光明村核桃根际土壤生防菌的筛选工作,获得了具有重要生防潜力的钩状木霉YB-4-15和枯草芽孢...     

科尔沁沙地近300年旱涝时空分布特征研究

科尔沁沙地位于季风气候边缘,旱涝气候演变剧烈。本文利用历史文献资料和实测的降水资料,对科尔沁沙地近300年旱涝气候演变规律进行了较周详地探讨与研究。运用旱涝指数、确定了区域旱涝等级,分析与论述了区域旱涝阶段和相对湿润期、干旱期出现的规律和地域分布特征。     

平菇菌盖超微结构的研究

利用透射电镜，对平菇菌盖的超微结构进行了观察。平菇成熟菌丝细胞有完整的双层细胞壁结构，内含细胞膜，线粒体，细胞核，内质网，泡囊，核糖体，糖原、须边体及典型的桶孔隔膜，有的细胞中，糖原颗粒了聚集在细胞质中，泡囊中也含有大量颗粒。线粒体膜，核膜，孢子膜均为双层，轮廓清晰。孢子中有线粒体、核、泡囊、核糖体、内质网。老化菌丝内有较大液泡，不见各种细胞器。     

江苏省铜山县日光温室现状及选型问题的探讨

日光节能温室是我县20世纪90年代迅速发展起来的一种蔬菜生产的保护地形式,与过去的玻璃温室相比,具有结构简单、造价低、使用方便、节能、经济效益高等特点.但是,温室结构、工程造价、配套技术等方面基本上没有统一和规范,存在着很大的随意性,影响标准化配套技术的普及推广,影响着温室结构优化.本文即对我县蔬菜日光温室的现状进行了较深入的调查,对高效节能型温室的选型、结构参数提出了一些改进措施.