几种有机废弃物组合基质对黄瓜产量和经济效益的影响

在日光温室内,采用蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培模式,研究了几种农业有机废弃物组合基质的理化性质及其对黄瓜产量和经济效益的影响。研究结果表明,农业有机固体废弃物以蘑菇渣、鸡粪、玉米秸秆、油菜籽饼容积比按0.20∶0.30∶0.45∶0.05配置的组合效果最佳,与有土栽培比较,基质容重降低了0.27g/cm3;毛管孔隙度、自然含水量、容积含水量、蓄水量分别增加了117.62g/kg、4.65%、93.04 m3/hm2;有机质、速效N、速效P、速效K分别增加了18.37g/kg、32.97 mg/kg、24.89 mg/kg和62.64 mg/kg;黄瓜产量、产值、利润分别增加了15.84 t/hm2、1.26万元/hm2和0.74万元/hm2。采用农业有机废弃物配制栽培基质,不会引起重金属离子的富集。     

茄子新品种哈农杂茄1号的选育

哈农杂茄1号是以T142为母本,以T72为父本杂交配制而成的茄子一代杂种。早熟,植株长势强,叶绿色,茎紫色;果实长棒形,长25～28 cm,横径4.5～5.0 cm,果皮黑亮,绿萼,色泽好,果肉白色细嫩,单株结果10～12个,单果质量130～140 g,生育期110～115 d（天）;高抗黄萎病;耐弱光,耐贮运;平均每667 m2产量5 000 kg以上,适合在各紫长茄产区种植。     

内生真菌对菊花幼苗干旱胁迫生理的影响

 比较了内生葡萄孢菌（C1）和球毛壳菌（C4）菌株诱导下的菊花苗和对照菊花苗,经30 % PEG6000胁迫不同天数后,叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性,叶片丙二醛（MDA）、可溶性蛋白含量,根系活力,以及胁迫15 d后菊花的总生物量。结果表明：PEG胁迫15 d后,C1、C4处理和对照的生物量分别为4.1、4.4和3.3 g,差异达到显著水平。对照根系活力、PAL活性在胁迫前期迅速变化,接菌处理在胁迫前期均基本稳定,延缓了胁迫反应,但随着胁迫时间的延长,各处理差异不显著; MDA含量接菌处理3 d后达到峰值,随后稳定而对照则继续增加,6 d时达峰值,随后逐渐降低,胁迫后期接菌处理和对照无显著差异;各处理POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量都随着胁迫时间的延长先增加后降低,但各处理之间差异不显著。短期干旱条件下,内生真菌有利于菊花耐旱性的提高。     

国兰花期调控机制研究进展

国兰花期调控技术是国兰实现产业化的关键技术之一。文章从国兰花芽分化的生殖生理基础及花芽分化后国兰发育开花的环境条件方面论述国兰花期调控机制研究的进展,总结国兰花期调控的具体措施。     

智能算法在农业大数据中的探究

为进一步推进智能农业大数据产业的健康有序发展,减少农业领域在生产、销售等环节中的风险因素,确保农业生产者、销售者的最大利益。通过详细分析农业大数据中的核心问题,以云南省鲜切花产业为研究对象,拟采用人工神经网络算法分别构建鲜切花价格预测模型群、鲜切花质量等级识别模型群,将鲜切花价格预测模型群嵌入云平台中,以低廉的价格提供给需求者;将鲜切花质量等级识别模型群应用于鲜切花等级分类的流水线,方便快捷的进行智能化分类。整个研究引入了智能算法,将智能与农业进行有机的结合,为农业大数据中心的发展提供参考依据。     

基因型和6-BA对黄瓜子叶节再生频率的影响

以华北、华南类型,欧洲、日本类型及美国加工类型黄瓜为材料,研究了基因型和激素（6-BA）对黄瓜子 叶节再生频率的影响。结果表明：基因型是子叶节再生频率的主要影响因素之一,不同基因型黄瓜子叶节在同一 培养基上每外植体再生芽数明显不同;6-BA是子叶节分化所需的重要激素,材料228、185、65G随着6-BA浓度的升 高,每外植体再生芽数增加;四川白瓜、吉林旱瓜、K2148随6-BA浓度的升高,每外植体再生芽数反而降低;其中 ,四川白瓜的再生频率最高,在MS1(MS+0.5 mg·L-1 6-BA+2.0 mg·L-1AgNO3)培养基上,每外植体再生芽数可 达6.4个。     

Identification of AFLP fragments linked to seedlessness in Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and conversion to SCAR markers

Seedlessness is a desirable trait in citrus and has been an important breeding objective. In this study, we employed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique to find molecular markers linked to the seedless trait in the Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). After screening with 72 primer pairs, 5 AFLP markers were identified that putatively correlated with the target trait. Their association was also tested by analyzing the AFLP profile from pooled individual accessions. The five fragments were cloned and sequenced, and BLAST searches showed that four of the markers had high homology to functional genes, providing some promising information that may aid in understanding the molecular mechanism of seedlessness in citrus. Based on the sequence information, eight specific primers were designed and eventually fragments AFLP-2 and AFLP-5 were successfully converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Thus, the markers detected could be useful for accelerating citrus breeding programmes by enabling early screening for seedlessness mutations using marker-assisted selection.     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.     

蔬菜农药残留检测中基质效应影响因素分析

为了提高农药检测的准确率,试验选择气相色谱(7890A、1310)与气相串联质谱(GCMS-MS)3种不同仪器,结球白菜、结球甘蓝、黄瓜、辣椒4种蔬菜样品及其基质标准溶液和正己烷溶剂标准溶液,对4种不同蔬菜中分别添加腐霉利、甲氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯4种农药并进行回收校正,比较不同的校正溶液、不同仪器以及不同的样品类型对蔬菜农药残留检测中的基质效应的影响。结果显示:按不同基质标准溶液和溶剂标准溶液校正的检测结果分类,不同蔬菜、不同的标准校正溶液对于农药残留检测中的基质效应表现出多样性和复杂性的特点。但采用与本底一致的基质标准溶液校正样品可有效消除基质效应。按不同仪器检测结果分类,气相色谱(7890A、1310)与气相串联质谱(GC-MS-MS)基质效应的影响存在一定的差异,GC-MS-MS存在较为明显的基质增强效应;而同类仪器(7890A、1310)之间基质效应的影响较小。     

牡丹ACC氧化酶基因的克隆与反义载体的构建

根据报道的牡丹ACC氧化酶基因(DQ337251)cDNA序列,设计一对特异引物,以牡丹品种"洛阳红"基因组DNA为模板,用PCR扩增方法克隆出牡丹ACC氧化酶基因的部分片段,并将其连接到pMD18-T载体上进行测序.结果表明,克隆的序列全长为467 bp,其中包括一个长度为157 bp的序列,推测它可能是一个内含子,其它序列与已报道序列同源性为98.2%;用SacⅠ和XbaⅠ对重组质粒和载体pBI 121酶切、连接,构建牡丹ACC氧化酶基因的反义表达载体.