苜蓿中草酸含量的测定及煮制对其含量影响研究

紫花苜蓿营养丰富,越来越受到大家的青睐,但苜蓿中的草酸会对人体健康产生间接影响.本文通过对比实验研究了煮制对苜蓿中草酸含量的影响情况.结果显示:新鲜苜蓿中含有一定量的草酸,但煮制后能去除约75％的草酸,故水煮苜蓿是有效去除草酸并保留营养成分的首选方法.     

森林土壤微生物生态学研究进展

土壤微生物是森林生态系统中不可或缺的一部分,在物质循环和能量流动等生态过程中发挥着重要作用。文中总结评述了目前森林土壤微生物生态学的研究进展,主要包括森林土壤微生物群落特征（群落结构组成、时空变化格局以及影响因素）和森林土壤微生物生物量（季节动态变化及影响因素）2个方面,同时对森林土壤微生物生态学今后研究提出展望。     

新疆药桑枝条中抗氧化活性成分sanggenon A的分离鉴定

[目的] 分离鉴定新疆药桑枝条中的抗氧化活性成分,揭示其抗氧化功效的物质基础,为发现新的天然抗氧化成分及新疆药桑的开发利用提供理论依据。[方法] 将新疆药桑枝条利用70%乙醇冷浸的方法提取,滤液低温减压浓缩; TLC(薄层层析)与DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼)相结合的方式进行活性检测;以紫外显色、10%硫酸乙醇显色的方式进行物质检测;在活性跟踪下通过不同有机溶剂萃取分段、多次硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析及薄层层析,对新疆药桑枝条中抗氧化活性成分进行分离纯化。将分离得到的化合物以氘代氯仿为溶剂,TMS(四甲基硅烷)为内标,利用MS(质谱)及NMR(核磁共振)技术进行波谱测定及结构解析。以人工合成抗氧化剂BHT(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)为对照,进行清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基及总还原力的测定。[结果] 从新疆药桑枝条乙酸乙酯萃取部分中分离得到1种易溶于甲醇及乙酸乙酯的深黄色粉末,根据其理化性质初步判断为黄酮类化合物。结合其理化性质并通过MS,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR,DEPT的波谱数据分析,确定其为已知化合物sanggenon A(桑根酮A),分子式为C₂₅H₂₄O₇,分子量为436。抗氧化活性研究表明,其清除DPPH自由基和OH自由基的IC₅₀值分别为50.3和96.5 mg·L^-1(对照BHT分别为64.2和231.6 mg·L^-1),总还原力也明显高于对照。[结论] 本文首次从桑树的枝条中分离得到该物质,拓展了提取分离该物质的原材料来源,可为新疆地区广泛种植的林业资源的开发利用提供理论基础。     

共轭亚油酸对动物免疫调节的研究

共轭亚油酸是一种功能性脂肪,具有抗癌、抗动脉硬化、抗糖尿病、抗氧化、降低脂肪沉积、促进骨生成、提高免疫力和缓和狼疮等功能。     

Effect of follistatin on pre‐implantational development of pig parthenogenetic embryos

The present study was designed to explore effects of follistatin (FST) on pre‐implantational development of parthenogenetically activated embryos (PAEs) in pigs. First, we investigated the FST messenger RNA expression level and dynamic FST protein expression patterns in porcine oocytes and PAEs. Then, PAEs were placed in embryo culture medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of FST‐288, FST‐300, and FST‐315. Next, PAEs were cultured with 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL of FST‐315 protein throughout the in vitro culture (IVC) duration. Further, 10 ng/mL of FST‐300 was added from the start of IVC in which PAEs were treated for 30, 48 and 60 h. The results showed that 1 ng/mL FST‐315 could significantly increase the total cell numbers of blastocyst and trophectoderm cell number in PAEs. Exogenous FST‐300 supplementation could significantly promote the early cleavage divisions and improve the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. FST‐300 appeared to affect early embryonic development before activation of the embryonic genome. In all, the study confirmed for the first time that FST plays a role in promoting early embryonic development in pigs, which differed with different FST subtypes. FST‐300 could facilitate the initial cleavage time and improve the blastocyst formation rate, and FST‐315 could improve the blastocyst quality.     

新鲜牛粪便中食线虫真菌的分离和鉴定

从78个新鲜牛粪样中分离到4株食线虫真菌（nematophagous fungi)，通过对其菌丝体、孢子、捕食器官等的形态学观察、测定，2株鉴定为节丛孢属（Arthrobotrys)的寡孢节丛孢菌（A.oligospora)，1株为指状节丛孢菌（A.dactyloides),1株为圆锥状节丛孢菌（A.conoides)。     

Sarcocystis sinensis is an ultrastructurally distinct parasite of water buffalo that can cause foodborne illness but cannot complete its life-cycle in human beings

In this study, we compared the morphology of Sarcocystis sinensis and Sarcocystis hominis, and assessed the infectiousness of S. sinensis for human volunteers. The cysts of S. sinensis were from water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and those of S. hominis were from cattle (Bos taurus). Transmission electron microscopy of S. sinensis cysts revealed that the cyst wall had leaning, finger-like protrusions measuring 1.44-5.08 μm in length and without invaginations on the tip surface of the protrusions. In contrast, the cyst wall of S. hominis had upright, finger-like protrusions measuring 9.43 μm×2.42 μm and with vesicle-like invaginations on the tip surface of the protrusions. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surface of the protrusions was arranged as rectangles in S. sinensis, as compared to tongue-shaped in S. hominis. Other distinguishing features of S. sinensis include a thin ground substrate (GS) zone with microtubules and small, circle-like structures located at the base of the protrusions. Human volunteers, after consuming S. sinensis cysts, produced no sporocysts or oocysts in feces, suggesting that humans could not serve as definitive hosts for S. sinensis. By contrast, many sporocysts and oocysts were passed in feces of a human volunteer 11-29 days after ingestion of S. hominis cysts. These results showed that S. sinensis and S. hominis are separate species and S. sinensis cannot use human being as the definitive host.     

A peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 generating a neutralizing antibody response, and an immunostimulatory peptide

The epitopes of the capsid of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) play important roles in the construction of highly immunogenic subunit vaccines. However few epitopes have been found for FMDV serotype Asia1. In this study we screened for epitopes of the VP1 and VP2 proteins of FMDV serotype Asia1 isolate, YNBS/58. Fragments consisting of amino acids 133-163 of VP1 and amino acids 1-33 of VP2 contained epitopes, and both induced lymphoproliferation in guinea pigs. Only the VP1 fragment induced neutralizing antibodies but the VP2 peptide dramatically increased the neutralizing antibody response induced by the VP1 peptide.     

丙谷胺对产蛋鸡摄食行为及内分泌的影响

选用35周龄伊莎蛋鸡8只,分别安装慢性颈静脉血管插管.实验采用自身对照法,对照期饲喂基础日粮,丙谷胺期在喂料前填喂丙谷胺.应用摄食行为计算机监测系统(FIDAS系统)记录各个实验期产蛋鸡喂料后4h内的采食行为数据,并测定有关血液生化指标.结果显示,实验期(填喂丙谷胺后)与对照期相比较,产蛋鸡午前(8:00～12:00)与午后(13:00～17:00)4 h内摄食量分别增加27.69%与30.41%(P＜0.05),摄食时间分别降低15.67%与3.75%,摄食餐数分别增加12.32%与27.2%(P＜0.05);血糖水平分别降低5.44%与18.03%(P＜0.01),瘦素水平分别升高2.59%与7.19%,胰岛素水平分别升高33.09%(P＜0.05)与24.5%(P＜0.05).提示丙谷胺能够促进蛋鸡摄食,并影响有关内分泌激素的水平.     

产前不同营养水平对围产期健康奶牛血清总胆红素、蛋白及转氨酶的影响

将健康的围产期奶牛30头随机分为三组，分别于产前28d开始饲喂NRC标准日粮（营养水平100％组，即Ⅰ组）、NRC标准增加20％日粮（营养水平120％组，即Ⅱ组）和NRC标准减少20％日粮（营养水平80％组，即Ⅲ组），产后各组奶牛均饲喂标准泌乳日粮，至产后56d结束，观察干奶期不同营养水平对围产期健康奶牛血清总胆红素、蛋白及转氨酶的影响。试验结果表明，围产期是机体生理状况处于剧烈变化的时期，奶牛产后的蛋白质代谢活动、转氨酶活性较产前明显增强；但健康奶牛均能通过调整糖代谢、脂代谢和蛋白质代谢，促进能量与营养物质间的相互转化，适应机体的各种生理变化。