无刷永磁直流力矩电动机电磁场计算的数学模型分析

采用有限元法分析了计算稀土永磁式无刷直流力矩电动机电磁场的数学模型,着重解决了其中永磁体的等效及处理问题,可为无刷直流力矩电动机磁场计算提供依据     

Effect of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with Ce (IV) on growth,immunity and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicas

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharide complex with cerium (Ce IV) (COS‐Ce) on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas. Five isonitrogenous (18.6%) and isolipidic (1.1%) practical diets were formulated with graded level of COS‐Ce (0, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 mg kg^?1 dry feed), which were named as COS‐Ce/0, COS‐Ce/150, COS‐Ce/300, COS‐Ce/600, COS‐Ce/1200 respectively. Each diet was allocated to four replicates of sea cucumbers (Initial weight: 6.72 ± 0.02 g). Sea cucumbers were fed to apparent satiation once daily (19:00 hours) for 56 days. During the experiment, water temperature was kept at 16 ± 0.5°C, pH 7.8–8.2, dissolved oxygen beyond 5 mg L^?1, ammonia nitrogen below 0.5 mg L^?1 and salinity from 30‰ to 31‰. Results showed that the specific growth rate of sea cucumbers was significantly higher in COS‐Ce/600 than that in other four treatments. Activities of phagocytosis, respiratory burst, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in COS‐Ce/600 were significantly higher than that in COS‐Ce/0 (P < 0.05) respectively. On the contrary, cumulative mortality was the lowest in COS‐Ce/600 following 14 days exposure to Vibrio splendidus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results confirmed that dietary COS‐Ce had beneficial effects on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumber.     

美国城市林业概述

美国城市林业是在高度城市化与城市生态危机的困境中发展起来的,因此,美国城市及其城乡结合部的森林建设与保护一开始就受到美国政府及公众的广泛重视。文中回顾了美国城市林业的起源与发展历程;概述了美国城市林业的学科与法律地位、美国城市林业教育、市民与城市林业的关系,讨论了美国城市林业成功的奥秘及其对我国城市林业建设的启示。     

改进CERES-Rice模型模拟覆膜旱作水稻生长

覆膜旱作是节水稻作生产体系的重要措施之一,采用CERES-Rice模型模拟覆膜旱作水稻生长需另外考虑覆膜的增温效应和根系层土壤水分布差异及由此所带来的影响。该文借鉴部分旱地作物的相关研究成果,对原CERES-Rice模型中的积温和土壤温度、蒸发和土壤水分胁迫等模拟计算过程进行了改进,并进一步通过2个水稻生长季的田间试验予以验证。试验于2013、2014年在湖北房县进行,共涉及淹水(对照)、覆膜湿润栽培和覆膜旱作共3个水分处理,采用原模型和改进模型分别对2个生长季、2个覆膜处理的生育期、叶面积指数与地上部干物质质量的变化过程及产量进行模拟。结果表明:原CERES-Rice模型难以准确刻画覆膜旱作水稻的生长发育过程,经改进后,模拟效果大大改善,可有效反映环境变化(水分、温度)对覆膜水稻生育进程的影响和产量形成,维持生育期与产量模拟的相对误差在15%以内;覆膜水稻叶面积指数的动态模拟基本满足要求,其均方根差≤1.54 m~2/m~2、相对均方根差≤27%、建模效率≥0.85;对覆膜水稻地上部干物质质量变化过程的模拟也呈现出较好的效果,均方根差和相对均方根差分别小于1 490 kg/hm~2、16%,建模效率则高于0.95。总体而言,经改进后的CERES-Rice模型基本可满足要求,较好地用于模拟覆膜旱作水稻的生长发育规律。     

陕西关中灌区冬小麦土壤养分丰缺指标体系的建立

为给陕西关中地区小麦合理施肥提供科学依据,2006-2008年在陕西关中灌区进行了多点冬小麦"3414"田间试验,分析了不同土壤肥力水平下冬小麦土壤有效养分含量与相对产量的相关性,并依此确定土壤养分等级和推荐施肥量.结果表明,关中灌区小麦田土壤碱解氮含量等级可划分为低(<60 mg/kg)、中(60～100 mg/kg)、高(100～120 mg/kg)和极高(>120 mg/kg);速效磷含量可划分为低(<10 mg/kg)、中(10～30 mg/kg)、高(30～45 mg/kg)和极高(>45 mg/kg);速效钾含量分为高(100～165 mg/kg)和极高(>165 mg/kg).当土壤碱解氮含量处于低、中、高等级时,氮肥推荐用量分别为155～175、135～155、125～135 kg/ha,极高等级的推荐施氮量未能确定;当土壤速效磷含量处于低、中、高和极高等级时,磷肥(P2O5)推荐用量分别为120～140、90～115、70～90和60～70 kg/ha;当土壤速效钾含量处于高和极高时,钾肥(K2O)推荐用量为50～80和15～35 kg/ha.     

基于侧向变刚度的轮胎多边形磨损机理分析

考虑轮胎接地摩擦的非线性特性,建立了基于侧向变刚度的轮胎多边形磨损模型,并对系统的稳定性进行了分析,指出轮胎的自激振动是一种由系统Hopf分岔引起的稳定周期振动现象,通过数值仿真得到了引起胎面自激振动的车速和车轮前束角范围.结果表明:轮胎多边形磨损为一种典型的非线性自激振动现象,其发生与胎面的侧向振动有关,磨损边数近似等于胎面的侧向振动频率与车轮转动频率之比.所建模型能够很好地解释轮胎多边形磨损的形成机理.     

The changing profile of water traders in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation District, Australia

This paper examines the changing profile of water traders (both allocation and entitlement traders) in the Goulburn-Murray Irrigation District in Australia, and examines the efficiency of the water allocation and entitlement markets from 1998-99 to 2003-06. The results suggest that the profile of traders in the early and mature stages of the water allocation market differ greatly. In addition, the profile of allocation traders is significantly dissimilar from that of water entitlement traders at all stages of water market development. The decision to buy or sell water allocations was more likely to be associated with a farmer's socioeconomic characteristics and the type of farm, while the decision to buy or sell water entitlements was more likely to be associated with the extent of existing farm infrastructure and farm productivity. Finally, there was strong evidence to suggest that trading in the water allocation market has become more efficient over time, though there is no evidence to suggest the same for the water entitlement market.     

EGR与富氢进气对柴油机性能和排放的影响

试验研究了利用EGR加富氢进气改善ZS195型柴油机性能和排放的可行性,在标定转速下试验研究了不同EGR率、掺氢率对ZS195型柴油机工作过程、排放和经济特性的影响.研究结果表明:在高负荷工况,当EGR率一定时,随着掺氢率的增加,缸内峰值压力和压力升高率峰值增加.EGR加富氢进气可以降低HC、CO排放量和烟度,但NO_x排放量有所增加.ZS195型柴油机采用EGR技术后,富氢进气会提高缸内混合气的燃烧速度,改善缸内燃烧质量,发动机的热效率有所增加.     

糙米二次加湿调质工艺优化与试验

为解决干燥后储藏的低含水率稻谷碾米加工时存在整精米率低且能耗高以及单次加湿又无法满足加湿目标的问题,以糙米(含水率12%)为原料,研究二次加湿调质工艺中单次加湿量、润糙温度及润糙间隔时间对整精米率的影响规律.在单因素试验的基础上,采用二次旋转组合设计方法,用SAS软件处理试验数据,并进行验证试验.结果表明,在单次加湿量为1.56%、润糙温度为29.6℃、润糙间隔时间为64.6 min的条件下,整精米率提高15.42%,碾米能耗降低26.86%.     

窝眼窄缝式气吸滚筒排种装置的试验

为了实现超级稻工厂化育秧,保证作业质量,研制了窝眼窄缝式气吸滚筒排种试验装置。以超级稻“培杂泰丰”为研究对象,采用4因素3水平正交试验设计方法,研究了窝眼半径、窄缝宽度、真空度和滚筒转速对播种空穴率、重播率和合格率的影响规律。通过对试验结果的分析,得出了影响空穴率和合格率的主次顺序为窝眼半径＞真空度＞滚筒转速＞窄缝宽度;影响重播率的主次顺序为窝眼半径＞滚筒转速＞窄缝宽度＞真空度;最佳参数组合为窝眼半径5.5 mm、真空度4 kPa、滚筒转速为0.82 rad/s和窄缝宽度1 mm。经验证,在最佳参数下,播