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41.
Ghanem Yasser M. El-Khodery Sabry A. Saad Ashraf A. Abdelkader Ahemd H. Heybe Ahemd Musse Yasin A. 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(8):1779-1786
The present study was delineated to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of camel brucellosis in Northern Somalia (Somaliland).
The study was carried out at three main districts of camel-rearing regions of Somaliland (Awdal, Waqoyi Galbed and Togdheer)
in the period from July to November, 2008. A total of 1246 camel blood sera were randomly collected from 42 sporadic small
scale camel herds. Two serological tests were used to screen all serum samples, Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect
ELISA (I-ELISA). Multivariate logistic regression was constructed to study the risk factors associated with Brucella seropositive cases. The overall prevalence of camel brucellosis in districts under investigation was 3.9% by RBPT and 3.1%
by (I-ELISA). Multivariate logistic regression on animal level showed that locality (P < 0.05; OR: 6.254; CI, 1.186–32.976),
herd size (P < 0.001; OR: 5.493; CI, 2.956-10–207), rearing with other ruminants (P < 0.001; OR: 12.433; CI, 3.957–39.060),
and contact with other camels (P < 0.05; OR: 5.311; CI, 1.093–25.800) were the potential risk factors. However, herd size
(P < 0.05; OR: 5.425; CI, 1.181–24.932), and rearing with other ruminants (P < 0.05; OR: 20.466; CI, 1.456–28.638) were recorded
as risk factors on the herd level. The results of the present investigation indicate that the Brucella spp. exists within the camel herds in Somaliland. Further studies need to be done on Brucella infection in the other ruminants to determine which measure should be followed for control of brucellosis. 相似文献
42.
Nemat Alla MM Shabana YM Serag MM Hassan NM El-Hawary MM 《Pest management science》2008,64(12):1237-1249
BACKGROUND: Orobanche spp. represent a serious threat to a wide range of crops. They are difficult targets for herbicides, and biological control could provide a possible solution. This work therefore aimed to formulate mycoherbicides of Fusarium with adequate shelf life and virulence against Orobanche but safe to faba bean and tomato. RESULTS: Only two isolates of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. (Foxy I and Foxy II) obtained from diseased Orobanche shoots were found to be pathogenic to Orobanche crenata Forsk. and Orobanche ramosa L. Conidial suspension of both isolates significantly decreased germination, attachments and tubercles of Orobanche. Microconidia and chlamydospores of both isolates were formulated as mycoherbicides encapsulated in a wheat flour–kaolin matrix (four different formulations). All formulations greatly diminished Orobanche emerged shoots, total shoot number, shoot height, attachment of emerged shoots, the germinated seeds that succeeded in emerging above the soil surface and dry weight. Meanwhile, disease incidence and disease severity of emerged shoots were enhanced. The shelf life was adequate, particularly for coarse, freshly prepared, low‐temperature‐stored, microconidia‐rich formulations. The induced growth reduction of Orobanche‐infected host plants seemed to be nullified by formulations, particularly at the highest dose. CONCLUSION: These formulations seemed to destroy Orobanche but appeared harmless to host plants. Hence, they could be efficiently used as mycoherbicides for biological control of Orobanche in faba bean and tomato. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
43.
ABSTRACTThe objective of the current study was to determine the effects of chitosan (CH) coatings containing Mentha spicata essential oil (MSO; 0.2 and 0.4%) and zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO; 0.2 and 0.4%) on chemical (total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (PV)), microbial (total viable count, psychrotrophic count, Pseudomonas spp., and Enterobacteriaceae) and sensory (odor, color, and overall acceptability) properties of raw rainbow trout fillets during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Final microbial population of CH + MSO 0.4% + ZnO 0.4% and CH + MSO 0.4% + ZnO 0.2% retarded approximately 3–5 log CFU/g as compared to control groups (P < 0.05). At the end of storage time in control samples, TVB-N, TBARS, and PV reached 49.3 mg N/100 g, 3.31 mg malonaldehyde/kg, and 2.04 meq peroxide/kg lipid, while the values for the treated samples with MSO (0.2 and 0.4%) in combination with ZnO (0.2 and 0.4%) remained lower than 25 mg N/100 g, 2 mg malonaldehyde/kg, and 1.1 meq peroxide/kg lipid, respectively. The results indicate a potential use of CH coating containing MSO and ZnO as an effective type of antimicrobial packaging to maintain quality of rainbow trout fillets. 相似文献
44.
Al-Majali AM Al-Qudah KM Al-Tarazi YH Al-Rawashdeh OF 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(3):193-200
During the period between February, 2004 and December, 2006, a cross-sectional study was performed to investigate some epidemiological
aspects related to camel brucellosis in Jordan. Four hundred twelve camel sera from 37 herds were randomly collected and analyzed
using Rose Bengal plate test and complement fixation test. A structured pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect
information on camel herd health and management. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to investigate
risk factors associated with seropositivity to Brucella antigens. Moreover, the incidence of Brucella-specific abortion was investigated in 7 camel herds located in different locations in Southern Jordan. The true prevalence
of Brucella-seropositive in camels was 12.1%. Thirteen (35.1%) herds had at least one positive camel. The seroprevalence of brucellosis
in camels was significantly higher in the southern part of Jordan than that in central or northern Jordan. The multivariable
logistic regression model on both individual and herd levels revealed large herds and contact with small ruminants as risk
factors for Brucella seropositivity. On the other hand, using disinfectants was identified as a protective factor (OR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.9)
only on the camel herd level. The incidence of Brucella-caused abortion was 1.9%. Brucella melitensis biotype 3 was isolated from 4 aborted camel fetuses. 相似文献
45.
Yasser Mahmoud Awad Johanna Pausch Yong Sik Ok Yakov Kuzyakov 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(3):621-631