Ca~(2 )对芒果果实后熟效应的研究

以７～８成熟的芒果果实为材料,比较果实减压渗钙与否对后熟的效应,研究与果实后熟相关酶类的活性和钙调蛋白（ＣａＭ）含量的动态变化,寻找它们之间的相互关系。结果表明：对照果实或者Ｃａ２＋处理果实在后熟过程中,ＣａＭ含量均发生变化,与此同时,伴随着多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（ＰＧ）、淀粉酶（Ａｍｇｌａｓｅ）活性的变化,它们之间存在极显著的相关性。Ｃａ２＋对果实后熟具有双重效应,当Ｃａ２＋处理果实置于室温下时,ＣａＭ含量、ＰＧ、淀粉酶活性明显受到抑制,后熟延缓。但把Ｃａ２＋处理果实冷藏（１２ ｄ）后回至室温第 ３～４ ｄ时,或直接减压渗钙果肉切片,其ＣａＭ含量、ＰＧ、淀粉酶活性增加,后熟加快。外源乙烯能解除Ｃａ２＋的抑制效应。并讨论了Ｃａ２＋的这些效应的可能机制。     

Survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt: a comparison between suspended and bottom cultures in a subtropical fish farm during summer

The feasibility of co‐culturing the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota Brandt in a subtropical fish farm was investigated in a field study. Sea cucumbers were cultured in the fish farm in cages suspended at 4 m deep (suspended culture) and directly on the seafloor (bottom culture). The survival and growth of the sea cucumbers were monitored twice during the 3‐month, summer experimental period (May 26–August 14, 2010). Results showed that the suspension‐cultured sea cucumbers exhibited excellent survival rate (100%) during the whole study period. There also occurred no mortality in the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers during the first culture period (May 26–July 13); but all these died from anoxia caused by water column stratification during the second culture period (July 14–August 14). The specific growth rate of the bottom‐cultured sea cucumbers (1.05 ± 0.21 % day^?1) was nearly double that of the suspended culture animals (0.57 ± 0.21 % day^?1) during the first culture period, and the growth rates of the suspended culture sea cucumbers in the second culture periods (0.46 ± 0.24 % day^?1) was only a little lower than that of the first period. The sea cucumbers H. leucospilota could ingest and assimilate sediment with high organic matter content with an average assimilation efficiency of 14.9 ± 3.9%. This study indicated that fish farm detritus can be effectively used as a food source for the sea cucumber and that it can be turned into a valuable secondary crop in the form of the sea cucumber biomass.     

多棘海盘车用作新型海洋食品原料的可行性研究

多棘海盘车（ Ａｓｔｅｒｉａｓ ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ） 在中国沿海居民中有长期食用的历史,其可食部为生殖腺（ 海星黄） ,但有麻辣感。海星黄含蛋白质达１５ ．４６ ％ ,其氨基酸组成齐全,必需氨基酸间比例合理。海星黄还富含微量元素、维生素、脂肪等营养元素,脂质中不饱和脂肪酸含量尤为丰富。海星黄麻辣味可能由硫酸酯甾体皂甙引起,大部分可通过脱麻辣味及脱毒操作除去。急性毒性试验中,小鼠灌胃８ 和１２ ｇ／ｋｇ 脱毒的海星黄,未见毒性反应;短期喂养试验（１２ ｇ／ｋｇ ,３０ ｄ） 也未见毒性反应。两项试验中,小鼠肝、心、肾、肺和脾均未见异常。建议人的最大无毒剂量１ ｇ／ｋｇ ,最大允许摄入剂量０ ．５ ｇ／ｋｇ 。海星黄经脱麻辣味及脱毒、调味等步骤,制得２ 种食品,具有较好的感观且营养丰富。海星壳所含蛋白质主要为胶原蛋白,以胃蛋白酶促溶蛋白为主,具有典型胶原蛋白氨基酸组成特点,可在食品工业用作明胶。初步结论为,多棘海盘车可用作高营养、无毒、加工利用性好的新型海洋食品原料。     

Partial cloning of 17B-HSD1 from the Nile tilapia ovary and its expression pattern during spawning cycle

A 548 bp partial cDNA fragment of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD1) was obtained by RT-PCR from the ovary of Nile Tilapia. The expression of 17β-HSD1 was high from 0 to 11 days after spawning, but there was a sharp decline at the day of spawning (day 14) indicating its involvement in ovarian cycle.     

鲤鱼人工孵化过程中鱼苗气泡病病因分析

水利部汉江水利水电 (集团 )有限公司后勤服务中心渔业场座落在湖北省丹江口水库 ,以网箱养鲤为主 ,苗种繁育基地以养殖鲤寸片为主 ,满足网箱养殖需要。 1 998年鲤鱼人工孵化过程中鱼苗患气泡病 ,造成鱼苗大量死亡。 1 999年鲤鱼人工孵化 ,采取有效措施 ,制止了鱼苗气泡病的再次发生。现就两年繁殖情况对气泡病病因进行分析。1　基本情况1 1　孵化设施条件鱼种池、亲鱼池及孵化设施建在邻近丹江口水库羊山山头上 ,池与池之间呈阶梯式 ,水源用水泵从丹江口水库提取水。产卵池为圆形、直径 1 0ｍ。孵化环道为椭圆形底冲式 ,共二环 ,内环体积…     

长竹蛏消化系统的组织学和组织化学研究

用组织学和组织化学方法对长竹蛏的消化系统进行了研究。长竹蛏消化腺腺管上皮有消化细胞和嗜碱性细胞两种类型。消化细胞内含许多颗粒,具有酸性磷酸酶活性,表明该细胞能进行细胞内消化。消化腺导管柱状细胞亦呈现酸性磷权酶活性,并具有密集的微棋毛。消化道膜上皮由纤毛柱状细胞和少量的粘液细胞组成。食道有分泌中性和酸性混合粘液物质的上皮下粘液细胞。胃和肠上皮具帽白酶和非特异性酯酶活性。肠上皮还个酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸     

偏顶蛤胚胎和幼虫发育及温度对其浮游幼虫生长和发育的影响

在室内条件下,人工诱导偏顶蛤(Modiolus modiolus)产卵并在显微镜下对其胚胎和浮游期幼虫的形态进行连续观察和拍照,并采用实验生态学的方法,研究温度对其浮游期幼虫生长和发育的影响。结果显示,偏顶蛤亲贝人工催产时,以流水刺激4 h,阴干12 h为宜。偏顶蛤卵呈圆形或卵圆形,沉性卵,卵径为(82.6±3.2)μm,精子鞭毛型,全长约50μm。在水温19~21℃下,偏顶蛤受精卵发育至D形幼虫(壳长104.0μm±4.3μm)、匍匐幼虫(壳长255.8μm±15.0μm)和早期稚贝(壳长329.1μm±5.8μm)分别历时20.5 h、20 d和36 d。水温是影响偏顶蛤幼虫生长和发育的主要因素之一,幼虫适宜水温为15~20℃,15℃组幼虫畸形率显著低于20℃组,生长率20℃组最高达5.4μm/d;水温25℃和30℃下,幼虫畸形率均显著高于15℃组和20℃组,并分别在第6天和第4天全部死亡。相对于高温而言,偏顶蛤幼虫对低温的耐受能力更强。本文旨在为偏顶蛤繁殖生物学和苗种繁育技术提供基础资料。     

Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa^®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa^®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.     

棘胸蛙人工繁殖及苗种培育技术的初步研究

本文对棘胸蛙(R.spunosa Danid)的人工繁殖及苗种培育进行了初步探讨,通过一系列实验考察了亲蛙的性腺发育、发情、产卵情况及卵的孵化情况。与14组自然繁殖的亲蛙对照,11组由LRH—A人工催产的亲蛙受精率及孵化率均较高,能同时获得大量蝌蚪,且能做到集中产卵,同时孵化,个体间基本同步发育。     

我国开发西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼资源的SWoT分析与策略

我国开展秋刀鱼（Cololabissaira）资源探捕已多年,但一直停留在试捕阶段,尚不能形成规模生产。本文利用SWOT态势分析法,分析我国渔业企业开发西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼资源存在的优势、劣势,以及所面临的外部机遇与挑战。并在此基础上提出了我国开发西北太平洋公海秋刀鱼资源的策略。