酵素剂SS-200在菠菜和黄瓜上的施用效果研究

在保护地栽培,高肥力土壤条件下,研究施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200对菠菜、黄瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与常规施用化学肥料相比,施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200,有利于菠菜、黄瓜上的生长发育,其叶片数,茎粗,株高都有显著增加;施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200增加了菠菜产量,增产达到24.5%,也提高黄瓜的果实产量,平均1 hm2可以增产13.9%;同时施用SS-200菠菜叶柄中的硝酸盐含量降低了700 mg/L,达到9.2%,而SS-200对黄瓜的可溶性糖和Vc含量影响不大;由于肥料投入的降低及产量的增加,1 hm2菠菜的利润达到55 284元/hm2,黄瓜的利润也达到了67 082元/hm2。     

双孢蘑菇培养料贴堆再发酵技术

前发酵采用并排贴近式小堆群,以增加好气发酵比重,省工省时;后发酵根据二次发酵后培养料偏生、偏干或氨味3种情况,区别进行再发酵,以提高发酵品质。     

牧场土壤含水率与坚实度空间变异与相关性分

利用土壤水分/圆锥指数复合测量装置,应用精细农作技术体系网格定点测量与GPS定位,在一块面积约1.27 hm2的草地上获取了土壤含水率与坚实度空间分布基础数据,并针对采样过程中出现的数据缺失,用偏最小二乘法对数据进行修补.然后运用克里格插值法进行数字化成图,并在此基础上分别对含水率与坚实度的空间变异性及两者的相关性做了分析.     

胡萝卜微粉物理特性和营养成分的影响因

胡萝卜微粉制备中,影响微粉物理特性及营养成分的试验分析表明:热风和微波干燥获得的胡萝卜微粉容积密度大,冷冻干燥的胡萝卜微粉容积密度小.微波干燥获得的胡萝卜微粉溶水性好,其次是冷冻干燥;胡萝卜生粉比熟粉溶水性好.胡萝卜生粉的氨基酸质量比高于熟粉和冻融粉;真空冷冻干燥生胡萝卜,粉碎粒径小于240目时,氨基酸质量比高.经过冻融处理的胡萝卜微粉V_c质量比高于其生粉和熟粉;冷冻干燥的胡萝卜微粉V_c质量比高.类胡萝卜素质量比随着粒径减小而减小;冷冻干燥冻融处理的胡萝卜,在粉碎粒径为80～120目时,类胡萝卜素和V_c质量比高.     

不同结构免耕开沟器对土壤阻力的影响

在免耕播种过程中,免耕开沟器的结构形状能够影响前进阻力,从而影响拖拉机的动力消耗,因此制作了不同入土角、不同入土隙角以及不同侧翼的开沟器,并在土槽中试验测定不同角度开沟器的受力情况以及开沟后的土壤扰动情况.试验结果表明:不同角度开沟器对侧向力和垂直反力的影响不大,对前进阻力有明显影响,开沟器的入土隙角在5°左右时有最小的前进阻力,有侧翼的开沟器比无翼的前进阻力增加了17%,但地表土壤扰动不明显.有前刀的开沟器比无前刀的前进阻力降低了27.3%,而且地表的土壤扰动明显降低.因此,在设计开沟器时必须考虑到有较小的入土角、入土隙角以及锋利的前刀,以降低前进阻力,这为新型开沟器主要参数的选取提供了试验数据和依据.     

水库下游居民风险承受能力模糊综合评价

构建了水库下游居民风险承受能力指标体系,采用熵权系数法对风险承受能力进行模糊综合评价.结合陕西省西安市石砭峪水库下游居民调查实例,通过熵权系数法对各评价指标赋值,利用加权平均模糊合成算子得出评价结论,调查地区水库下游居民风险承受能力等级为"中",针对评价结果给出了提高水库下游居民风险承受能力的具体建议.     

2种离子固化剂改善黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的研究

为了探讨CONAID和LUKANG 2种离子固化剂的固土性能及其影响因素,对不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期、压实度和含水率的固化黄土进行了直剪试验和渗透试验.研究结果表明:随着固化荆掺量、养护龄期和压实度增大,2种固化土的内摩擦角和黏聚力呈上升趋势,渗透系数呈下降趋势,且规律比较接近.其中LUKANG固化剂对黄土抗剪强度和抗渗性的改善效果优于CONAID固化荆.建议在施工过程中选用LUKANG固化剂,掺量宜取0.01%.为了达到更好的抗剪和抗渗效果,应尽量延长固化土的养护龄期,增加压实度.     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

丰产、优质、抗病油用亚麻品种“轮选一号”的选育

利用亚麻显性雄性核不育基因,通过多亲本杂交和互交,组建原始基础群,对不育株进行抗枯萎病抗性的轮回选择,以改良群体,从而培育出了以抗枯萎病为主、兼抗立枯病,丰产、优质的油用亚麻品种——轮选一号,为油用亚麻抗枯萎病育种开辟了一条新的有效途径。