基于单片机的沼气发酵装置增温控制系统设计

北方沼气系统全年产气的关键是冬季加热增温问题.为此,以生物质炉为热源,通过对循环水的加热,用单片机控制加热水泵的增温系统,研究设计了系统的整体功能以及硬件和软件.该系统具有一定的智能性,保证了沼气系统在北方冬季时的正常运行,提高了产气量.     

基于DEA模型的家庭农场规模经营评价与分析

采用DEA评价分析方法,以2008年度辽宁省农业机械化年统计数据为基础,对72户典型机械化家庭农场经营的规模有效性与技术有效性进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,辽宁省多数机械化家庭农场既不存在显著的规模有效性,也没有显著的技术有效性,其中耕地面积在133.33hm2的家庭农场规模效益最好,实现了适度规模经营.     

江西一季籼粳杂交稻稻曲病防治药剂及次数研究

选择合适的防治药剂和防治次数是减轻稻曲病危害的关键。本研究以籼粳杂交稻甬优12为材料,比较了6种药剂和3种喷施次数对稻曲病的防控效果和产量性状差异。结果表明,在6种药剂中,阿米妙收处理的病穗率防效和病指防效最好,分别达到91.53%和96.63%,但与其他药剂无显著性差异。在防治次数上,爱苗和拿敌稳均为防治3次的处理病指防效最好,分别为81.73%和80.15%,显著高于防治次数3次以下的处理。阿米妙收处理的产量最高,达11 719.52 kg/hm~2,显著高于其他处理。     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

Albumin overload aggravates kidney injury and renoprotective effect of simvastatin in adriamycin nephropathy mice

AIM: To investigate the aggravating effect of albumin overload on the kidney injury induced by lipid nephrotoxicity, and to observe the renoprotective effect of simvastatin (SIMV) on adriamycin nephropathy (ADR) mice.METHODS: SPF healthy male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group, ADR group, ADR with bovine serum albumin (BSA) overload (ADR+BSA) group, and ADR with both BSA overload and SIMV treatment (ADR+BSA+SIMV) group. All mice were uninephrectomized under general anesthesia 2 weeks before setting up ADR model. ADR+BSA model started to be set up 4 weeks later. At the end of the 0th, 2nd, 6th, 10th and 14th weeks, 24 h urinary protein was evaluated. At the end of the 14th week, the serum biochemical indexes and the kidney pathological changes were observed, and glomerulosclerotic index (GSI) was also evaluated. The cholesterol in the kidney was measured by enzymic colorimetric method and oil red O staining. The expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) in the kidney tissues was determined by real-time PCR. The expression of IL-1β and IL-17 was measured by immunohistochemistry and the expression of IL-17 in the kidney was measured by ELISA.RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney and the GSI were all significantly increased in ADR group (P<0.05). Compared with ADR group, 24 h urinary protein, serum creatinine, the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and LDLr, and cholesterol content in the kidney were all significantly increased in ADR+BSA group (P<0.05). Treatment with SIMV significantly decreased the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1, IL-17 and LDLr. The accumulation of cholesterol in the kidney and the GSI were also decreased (all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Inflammation aggravates the lipid deposition and glomerular sclerosis by increasing the expression of LDLr in ADR mice. Albumin overload further accelerates the progressive kidney damage by regulating the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β1 and IL-17, which promotes the increase in LDLr. The beneficial effect of SIMV might be mediated by its anti-inflammatory effect.     

X射线荧光光谱法快速检测原料公干鱼中的镉

旨在建立一种基于X射线荧光光谱法快速检测原料公干鱼(原料鱼)中镉的方法。应用X射线荧光光谱法快速检测原料鱼初始样及干燥样中的镉含量,对快速检测与标准检测结果的相关性进行了分析;考察了对原料鱼进行快速干燥处理的可行性;采用原料鱼的标准测定值对X射线荧光光谱仪进行校正后,考察了快速检测方法的精密度、检测限、准确度等性能参数。结果表明:X射线荧光光谱法能准确测定原料鱼干燥样中的镉,检测限达0.088 mg/kg,线性范围为0.088~1.286 mg/kg,相对标准偏差低于10%。该快速检测方法测定单个样品只需40 min左右,可满足现场对原料鱼中镉的快速测定要求,为防控原料鱼食品中镉超标风险提供了一种高效的筛查手段。     

黏虫蛹性别的快速鉴别方法

根据黏虫Mythimna separata(Walker)蛹生殖孔的位置、腹部腹节的外部形态学特征、生殖孔(产卵孔)至排泄孔之间的距离,快速、准确鉴别黏虫蛹性别。雌蛹第8腹节腹面中央的生殖孔与第9腹节的产卵孔连接形成一纵裂缝,裂缝两侧平坦,无突起。生殖孔下端与第9腹节的前缘连接、产卵孔下端与第10腹节的前缘连接,形成2个明显的"人"字纹。雄蛹第8腹节无纵裂缝,在第9腹节腹面中央的生殖孔呈现的纵裂缝连接第10腹节,裂缝两边各有一个半圆形瘤状突起。雌雄蛹排泄孔均在第10腹节腹面,雌蛹产卵孔下端至排泄孔上端之间的距离为(400.85±151.10)μm,雄蛹生殖孔下端至排泄孔上端之间的距离为(178.21±93.59)μm,约为雌蛹相应距离的一半。采用该方法观察的270头羽化蛹的性别鉴别准确率100%。该方法对于快速鉴别黏虫蛹的性别、开展黏虫相关的生物学研究以及预测预报等具有重要的参考价值。     

喷头和施药液量对水稻植株上农药沉积和药剂防治效果的影响

为明确喷头及施药液量对水稻植株上农药沉积及药剂防治效果的影响,采用丽春红-G示踪法测定了4种喷头ST11001、ST11002、TR8001、TR8002在不同施药液量条件下喷雾农药在水稻植株上的沉积分布特性,并比较了4种喷头施用相同剂量的40%氯虫苯甲酰胺·噻虫嗪WDG对水稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens的防治效果。结果表明,选择ST11002和TR8001喷头,在施药液量300 L/hm~2条件下喷雾,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积量分别达到27.55μg和28.16μg;选择ST11001和TR8002喷头,在施药液量900 L/hm~2条件下喷雾,单株水稻上的丽春红-G沉积量仅分别为12.27μg和14.86μg。喷头和施药液量的改变不影响水稻植株上农药沉积分布特性,均为上层沉积量中层沉积量下层沉积量。当施药液量从300 L/hm~2增加到900 L/hm~2,4种喷头ST11001、ST11002、TR8001、TR8002喷雾在水稻基部的雾滴密度分别增加了8.21、8.54、7.79和9.69倍;但在相同施药液量下,4种喷头在水稻基部的雾滴密度没有显著差异。同一剂量下,喷头和施药液量不同组合的防治效果间差异显著。表明针对稻田不同防治对象,选择合适的喷头及施药液量将有助于提高农药沉积及防治效果。     

番木瓜ERF家族与果实成熟相关成员的分析

通过比较分析番木瓜ERF家族成员的系统进化关系、基本理化性质、保守基序、启动子顺式元件,结合分析番木瓜在乙烯利和乙烯抑制剂1–甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理下以及不同成熟期果肉的RNA-seq数据,筛选出22个ERF家族成员进行表达差异分析,最终比较得出两个处理数据中显著差异表达基因有18个,推测这些基因可能在番木瓜果实成熟过程中起重要作用。     

基于二维激光传感器无人直升机作业边界探测

无人机喷雾作业边界探测识别是无人直升机喷雾的重要内容,如果喷雾最大喷幅超过目标区域,会导致药液流失,造成环境的严重污染。为此,基于无人直升机平台,选取二维激光扫描传感器、姿态传感器等传感器搭建了一套二维激光扫描探测系统。该系统利用二维激光传感器探测无人直升机距离作物冠层和田埂的高度,计算冠层和田埂距离差值,并把高度差值作为分割阈值,实现无人直升机作业边界的提取,同时进行了田间试验验证。