易地扶贫搬迁项目区土地利用合理性评价

合理利用土地资源是实施易地扶贫搬迁项目的内在要求。为探明扶贫搬迁项目区土地利用合理性及其制约因素,进一步给项目区土地资源利用指明方向。该文以中国西部山区典型贫困县——云南寻甸县的3个典型易地扶贫搬迁项目为实例,分析了搬迁项目区土地利用特征及原因,并对项目区土地利用合理性进行了评价研究。结果表明:1)在脆弱的自然地理环境及有限的项目投入资金成本等因素的限制之下,安置区(迁入区)用地以建设占用耕地为主,占用其他地类(林地和荒草地)为辅,新增建设用地比例较大。且占地地块坡度较陡,6°～25°地块是主要安置区域,少数安置区地形坡度大于25°。2)短期内,受到区域物资供应短缺、产业发展困难及传统文化思想和生活习俗等因素的制约,迁出区宅基地复垦、陡坡耕地退耕还林存在明显滞后现象。3)3个典型项目区土地利用合理度值均在0.50以上,其中,打磨箐搬迁项目为0.530 9,处于"低度不合理"等级;迤郎库搬迁项目和上龙潭箐搬迁项目分别为0.605 3和0.642 6,均处于"低度合理"等级。安置区地形坡度(I1)、迁出区宅基地复垦率(I6)与迁出区陡坡耕地退耕率(I7)是项目区土地利用合理性的共同制约因素。安置区离散度(I3)与安置区建设所占地类(I9)对项目区土地利用合理性产生不同程度的影响。4)安置区地形坡度(I1)、迁出区宅基地复垦率(I6)、迁出区陡坡耕地退耕率(I7)及安置区建设所占地类(I9)4个评价指标亦是全县易地扶贫搬迁项目区土地利用合理性的主要影响指标。     

棉田复杂背景下棉花叶片分割方法

【目的】解决棉田复杂背景下棉花叶部病害快速识别问题,为提出一种快速提取棉花植株和分割棉花叶片的方法。【方法】通过棉花植株的RGB颜色特征将植株与土壤进行分离,结合形态学处理技术和彩色分割方法,将植株的茎秆去除,保留棉花叶片部分;分别使用广度搜索分割算法、分水岭分割算法和轮廓搜索分割算法,对棉花叶片图像进行分割提取。【结果】基于广度搜索的分割算法将叶片轮廓搜索出来与原图融合分离出叶片,该算法对于图像结构简单的情况分割效果较好,通过对应的drawContours函数将每个轮廓画出,再与原图定位,将叶片的完整信息也轮廓结合,实现叶片的分离。【结论】基于距离变换的分水岭分割算法存在过分割问题,基于广度搜索分割算法与边缘检测结合对于叶片结构清楚图像分割效果显著,与轮廓搜索算法相比,后者的适用性更广,提取的轮廓层次结构也清楚,分割效果最佳。     

非洲猪瘟病毒污染运输车辆模拟消毒试验

为验证碾压消毒垫和驶过消毒池两种常见运输车辆消毒方式对非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的杀灭效果,采用生物学特性和理化特性相近的猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）疫苗稀释液喷洒运输车辆车轮,测试两种消毒方式的消毒效果。结果显示：车辆碾压消毒垫后0、1、2、3、4、5 min以及驶过消毒池后0、2、5、10 min,车轮可被检测的PRV与表面细菌含量均呈下降趋势,且杀灭效果随时间增加而增强。其中,碾压消毒垫后5 min无法有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为92.5%;驶过消毒池后10 min可有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为98.3%。本研究结果为提高非洲猪瘟疫情应急处置水平和日常防控消毒措施有效性提供了数据支撑。     

He-Ne激光辐射对糯玉米种子的生物学效应

种子活力是检验种子质量高低的一项最重要的指标。采用苏糯一号玉米种子为材料,研究了He-Ne激光不同剂量以及不同照射时间对糯玉米种子发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数、电导率、可溶性蛋白含量以及淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,采用13mA剂量的激光照射糯玉米种子50s能够明显的提高其种子活力,增加幼苗可溶性蛋白和淀粉的含量。     

Adipocyte-derived relaxing factor,a new vasodilative factor

Although our knowledge of ADRF (adipocyte-derived relaxing factor) is extremely limited,the little that is known has already revealed a promising future in this newly found factor.Firstly,it is secreted by adipose tissue,which is a abundantly and extensively distributed in human body and has become a hot spot for research work in recent years.Secondly,ADRF has shown a significant vasodilative action in a considerable number of experiments conducted on arteries of various sizes,from different body parts of different species of animals,including human.In this article,we introduce the development of ADRF research,sum up its known properties,including its Ca2+,protein tyrosine kinase,and protein kinase A dependent releasing,K+ channel mediated functioning,and interfered effect in different pathological models,and propose problems surrounding this factor and directions for future research work.     

响应面法优化山楂栗子羊羹配方

以山楂、板栗和红小豆为主要原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化山楂栗子羊羹加工配方.应用Box-Behnken试验设计,以感官评分值为响应值,研究了白砂糖、琼脂、山楂泥和栗子酱添加量4个因素对山楂栗子羊羹品质的影响,最终确定最佳原料配方为：白砂糖166 g,琼脂9.5 g,山楂泥106 g,栗子酱133 g,红豆沙150 g.在该配方下得到的山楂栗子羊羹感官评分为89,与模型预测值89.597 6基本相符.     

Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California

Accurate determination of rooting depths in terrestrial biosphere models is important for simulating terrestrial water and carbon cycles. In this study, we developed a method for optimizing rooting depth using satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) seasonality and an ecosystem model by minimizing the differences between satellite-based and simulated ET. We then analyzed the impacts of rooting depth optimization on the simulated ET and gross primary production (GPP) seasonality in California, USA. First, we conducted a point-based evaluation of the methods against flux observations in California and tested the sensitivities of the simulated ET seasonality to the rooting depth settings. We then extended it spatially by estimating spatial patterns of rooting depth and analyzing the sensitivities of the simulated ET and GPP seasonalities to the rooting depth settings. We found large differences in the optimized and soil survey (STATSGO)-based rooting depths over the northern forest regions. In these regions, the deep rooting depths (>3 m) estimated in the study successfully reproduced the satellite-based ET seasonality, which peaks in summer, whereas the STATSGO-based rooting depth (<1.5 m) failed to sustain a high ET in summer. The rooting depth refinement also has large effects on simulated GPP; the annual GPP in these regions is increased by 50–100% due to sufficient soil water during the summer. In the grassy and shrubby regions of central and southern California, the estimated rooting depths are similar to those of STATSGO, probably due to the shallow rooting depth in these ecosystems. Our analysis suggests that setting a rooting depth is important for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and that satellite-based data could help both to estimate the spatial variability of rooting depths and to improve water and carbon cycle modeling.     

固定化木质素降解菌对园林废弃物堆肥的影响

  目的  以生物质炭和米糠为载体,将木质素降解菌No.11通过固定化的方式制备促进园林废弃物堆肥腐熟的固体菌剂。  方法  通过单因素试验探究接菌量(5%、10%、15%、20%、25%)、保护剂体积分数(0、4%、8%、12%、16%、20%)、含水率(5%、10%、15%、20%、25%)的优化范围,再通过正交试验在该范围内寻找固体菌剂的最佳制备条件。以市售常见有效微生物复合菌(EM菌)菌剂为对比,将制得的菌剂添加到园林废弃物堆肥中,探究其对木质素、纤维素降解和相关酶活力的影响。  结果  木质素降解菌No.11的最佳固定化条件为:接菌量10%、保护剂体积分数8%、含水率15%,制得的菌剂中有效活菌数达1.26×1011 CFU·g?1。园林废弃物堆肥中添加自制菌剂后木质素降解相关酶(漆酶、锰过氧化物酶、木质素过氧化物酶)的活力均得到提高。与添加EM菌相比,木质素降解率提高8.69%;与不添加菌剂相比,木质素降解率提高23.91%,纤维素降解率提高8.34%,堆肥产品达到腐熟标准。  结论  通过固定化木质素降解菌制备的固体菌剂,其有效活菌数符合GB 20287?2006《农用微生物菌剂》的相关要求,将菌剂添加到园林废弃物堆肥中可提高木质素和纤维素降解率,促进堆肥产品腐熟。图3表3参36     

副鸡嗜血杆菌的初步分离与鉴定

从某鸡场发病鸡中分离出一株细菌，经过病原的分离培养、生化鉴定试验、动物回归试验等实验室方法，初步鉴定为副鸡嗜血杆菌。通过药敏试验筛选敏感药物，对该病的防治起到了积极的效果。     

Inhibition of bovine lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin by a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

AA861, a specific 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited bovine lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Mitogen-stimulated cultures of mononuclear cells produced leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in 24 hours. The production of LTB4 was completely inhibited by concentrations of AA861 that inhibited mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation was totally reversed by LTB4 but not by leukotriene C4 or leukotriene D4. The inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by AA861 was also completely reversed by addition of exogenous LTB4 to lymphocyte cultures. Thus, endogenous LTB4 production appeared to be necessary for PHA-induced IL-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation.