Irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase

Cardol triene was first purified from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid and identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of this compound on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase were studied. The results of the kinetic study showed that cardol triene was a potent irreversible competitive inhibitor and the inactivation was of the complexing type. Two molecules of cardol triene could bind to one molecule of tyrosinase and lead to the complete loss of its catalytic activity. The microscopic rate constants were determined for the reaction of cardol triene with the enzyme. The anti-tyrosinase kinetic research of this study provides a comprehensive understanding of inhibitory mechanisms of resorcinolic lipids and is beneficial for the future design of novel tyrosinase inhibitors.     

Experiences and Skills for Establishment of Rat Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

The establishment of rat model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is a very sophisticated experimental process. During animal experiments, beginners always meet with troubles inevitably. This paper have conducted a great deal of this type of experiments for years, and intend to share some experiences and lessons with colleagues.     

DNA Barcoding:An Effective Tool for Species Identification of Lepidopteran Oak Pests

[Objective] The paper was to improve the efficiency and accuracy of early forecast of Lepidopteran oak-infesting pests.[Method] DNA barcoding technique was established for quick species identification using mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit Ⅰ(COⅠ) as the standard gene.This barcoding technique was used to amplify and sequence genomic DNA samples from eggs and pupae of 11 species of Lepidopteran pests collected from oak.[Result] The DNA barcoding standard genes of 594-708 bp were determined from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.There were differences of 0-2 bases in DNA barcode sequences between conspecific eggs and pupae,with the sequence identity of 99.7%-100%.The average content of A,T,G and C of DNA barcode sequences from Lepidopteran insects were 30.7%,38.5%,14.9% and 15.9%,respectively.The obtained DNA barcode sequences had 91.4%-100% identity and 0-8.6% difference degree with GenBank-deposited DNA barcode sequences from organisms of the genetically-closest relationship.Among them,DNA barcode sequences from egg and pupa samples of 10 Lepidopteran insects(No.1-20) had 99%-100% identity and 0-1.0% difference degree with homologous sequences in GenBank database,while the remaining samples(No.21-22) had high difference degree(8.6%) with homologous sequences.[Conclusion] The established DNA barcoding technique is an effeetive tool for species identification of Lepidopteran pests using genomic DNA from eggs and pupae of Lepidopteran insects.     

微量元素对预混料中烟酰胺稳定性的影响

通过采用均匀试验设计,在近似于生产的高温贮藏条件(37℃)下,以4%的仔猪预混料为对象,研究不同水平组合的甲酸亚铁、碱式碳酸锌、碱式碳酸铜、硫酸锰对烟酰胺稳定性的影响,并在试验中增设2个对照组(硫酸盐对照组和不添加铁、铜、锰、锌对照组)。贮藏试验期60天。试验结果表明:预混料中添加微量元素导致了烟酰胺的额外损失,随微量元素添加量的增加,烟酰胺的损失率也显著增加(P<0.05)。在贮藏15天和30天烟酰胺损失率分别比硫酸盐组降低了36.16%、11.21%。碱式碳酸盐不同组合对烟酰胺的最大损失率为7.33%。甲酸亚铁、碱式碳酸铜、碱式碳酸锌、硫酸锰与烟酰胺的损失率无显著相关性(P>0.05)。烟酰胺损失率随时间延长显著增加(P<0.05)。烟酰胺的损失率在贮藏前30天占全期损失的74.85%。     

基于IPCC法大兴安岭兴安落叶松人工林碳计量参数研究

【目的】碳计量参数的研究对科学评价大兴安岭林区森林碳汇功能和价值以及合理制定应对全球气候变化策略具有十分重要意义。【方法】本文以内蒙古大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松人工林为研究对象,利用NPP方法对不同林龄的兴安落叶松人工林生物量碳储量进行测定,依据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的指南方法,计算兴安落叶松人工林的碳计量参数,并与IPCC提供的生物量碳计量参数进行差异分析,并分析实测碳计量参数与林龄、胸径、林分密度等易测因子的相关性,对比分析NPP法实测碳储量与IPCC法获得碳储量之间的差异。【结果】(1)碳计量参数中除根茎比(R)外,其他的碳计量参数的实测值均大于IPCC缺省值;(2)碳计量参数生物量转化与扩展因子(BCEF)、生物量扩展因子(BEF)和木材基本密度(WD)随林龄、及胸径呈负相关,R则是一个相对稳定的数值。【结论】IPCC指南所给出的生物量碳计量参数值会随着林龄、立地条件、林种等因素发生改变。通过与NPP法计算出来的碳储量对比发现两种方法计算的碳储量差异较大。本研究为进一步校正IPCC中的碳计量参数以及森林碳储量的准确估算提供基础数据。     

松褐天牛繁殖行为及其影响因素研究进展

松褐天牛(Monochamus alternatus)是松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)的主要传播媒介,其传播的松材线虫病对我国林业造成了巨大的经济和生态损失.研究松褐天牛繁殖行为及其影响因素,不仅有助于控制其种群扩散,更有助于深入揭示松树-松褐天牛-松材线虫-微生物4者间的协同进化关系.该文综述了近年来关于松褐天牛繁殖行为方面的研究进展,包括异性定位、交配行为和节律、产卵行为和影响繁殖行为的因素.该虫可通过视觉和嗅觉器官觅偶;除正常交配外,还存在同性抱对现象;交配和产卵行为主要发生在夜间;繁殖行为受温度、降雨、寄主、自身个体大小、性比、松材线虫及微生物的影响;不同的交配次数影响雌虫繁殖力和寿命;雌虫制作有效刻槽和空刻槽的调控机理尚不明确.指出了该虫繁殖方面潜在的理论研究方向及基于该虫繁殖行为继续研究的防控技术方向.