变量喷雾流量阀的变论域自适应模糊PID控制

为解决变量喷雾过程中实时混药时农药微小流量的控制问题,采用小型针阀、直流电动机及减速器设计了机电流量控制阀。构建了机电流量控制阀传递函数的数学模型,并为之设计了变论域自适应模糊PID控制算法。对该流量控制阀进行了变论域自适应模糊PID控制和PID控制的MATLAB仿真,比较结果表明：PID控制的响应时间为3.5 s,最大超调量约为39.0%,变论域自适应模糊PID的响应时间为0.93 s,超调量最大不超过2.9%。系统稳定性,准确性和快速性等指标完全满足农业技术要求。     

超级早、晚稻的养分吸收和根系分布特性研究

为了阐明双季超级稻的高产机理和指导合理施肥,采用品种比较的方法,研究了超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收和根系分布特性。结果表明,超级早、晚稻品种的养分吸收量平均分别为N 170.04、224.90 kg/hm2,P 21.97、39.88 kg/hm2,K 107.48、144.47 kg/hm2,均高于对照。生育中期（穗分化至抽穗）的养分吸收量与产量密切相关。生产100 kg稻谷所需要的养分较对照低10%左右。超级早、晚稻品种根系发达,根量较大。抽穗后15 d（早稻）或20 d（晚稻）的根量与产量密切相关,其中5—10 cm的根量与养分吸收总量密切相关。说明生育中期较多的养分吸收和发达的根系是超级早、晚稻高产的重要原因。     

金沙江干热区麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)白粉病危害特征观察

在麻疯树的规模种植区选定代表性的10株无病植株,观察白粉病的危害侵染特征。结果显示:群居的麻疯树极易感染白粉病,在麻疯树的整个生长期都会受到不同程度的危害,8～10月高温高湿条件下是发病的高峰期,11月份以后减缓危害速度,但不停止。结果对麻疯树白粉病预警预报和有效防控措施的制定提供参考依据。     

疫区猪场猪瘟隐性感染母猪的诊断与淘汰

猪瘟是由猪瘟病毒引起的猪的一种急性烈性传染病。近年来 ,由于我国集约化养猪业的迅速发展 ,赋予猪瘟流行一些新的特点。高密度的免疫压力下出现的毒力致弱毒株 ,导致了亚急性、慢性、迟发性猪瘟比例的增加。构成了在猪瘟流行中极具危险性的潜在传播病毒的持续性感染的传染源 ,而隐性感染的妊娠母猪则自然对这种持续感染起到了放大作用。为此 ,及时诊断和剔除猪群中的隐性感染母猪 ,在集约化养猪厂防制猪瘟方面已成为关键的步骤。我们利用中国兽药监察所研究的单克隆抗体介导的用于鉴别猪瘟疫苗毒和野毒株的检测技术 ,在一家流行猪瘟的万头…     

Cloning and Expression of Gene Responsible for High-Tillering Dwarf Phenotype in Indica Rice Mutant gsor23

High-tillering dwarf mutant gsor23 was generated from an indica rice variety Indica9 radiatied by γ-ray. Genetic analysis showed that this phenotype was controlled by one single recessive gene, which was mapped within a physical distance of 386 kb between two insertion-deletion (InDel) markers C1-WT2 and C1-WT4 on the long arm of chromosome 1. There is a known gene D10 within this region, the mutation of which causes high-tillering in rice. Sequence analysis of the D10 allele in gsor23 revealed that the base cytosine (C) at the 404^th position in the coding region was deleted, which would cause frameshift mutation after the 134^th amino acids. The mutation site and indica background of gsor23 were different from the previously reported japonica mutants d10-1 and d10-2. Therefore, gsor23 is a novel allelic mutant of D10 which encodes the carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase 8 (CCD8), a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the new plant hormone strigolactones (SLs). After treatment with GR24, a synthetic analogue of SLs, the high-tillering phenotype of gsor23 was restored to normal. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that D10 expression was high in roots, but low in leaves. Compared with the wild type Indica9, the expression of the SL biosynthesis gene D10 was upregulated, while genes likely involved in the SL signal transduction pathway such as D3 and D14 were down-regulated in the gsor23 mutant.     

Studies on the Molecular Structure of Vessels in Secondary Xylem of Stem from Three Carambola Varieties

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

影响葡萄花芽分化的主要因素

葡萄是我国的主要栽培果树之一.近年来,葡萄设施栽培发展迅速,但要调节结果期,首先 应 有数量充足且发育质量良好的花芽.因此,首先应对其花芽分化机制有所了解.葡萄的成花 研究,已有一个多世纪的历史[1].本文对影响葡萄花芽分化的因素,分内部因素、外部因素和激素3个方面进行综述.     

云南调味蔬菜发展现状

云南调味蔬菜生产比重逐年提高。传统调味蔬菜在日常餐饮和保健中的地位更加突出；西方餐饮中的香辛类调味蔬菜也开始备受青睐；地方调味蔬菜具有明显的区域性和民族特色。     

竹大片刨片机进料系统结构的改进设计

为了实现高效刨片,在送料过程中减少竹筒的倾斜、搭桥,准确控制送料进给量,提高刨片质量,优化设计了竹大片刨片机的油缸推料进给系统.     

海林林业局天然幼中龄林经营技术的研究

海林林业局是黑龙江省森工林区的一部分,有林地面积14万多hm2,总蓄积1340万m3,其中天然中幼龄林面积为93386.4hm2,占全林业局林地面积的65.22%。对于这部分面积大、情况复杂的林分,应本着科学精神因地制宜,认真规划,贯彻封山育林、调整林分结构、全面改造和扶育等不同措施进行经营管理,促进该局中幼龄林向着良性、健康和可持续方向发展。