现有生物质能转换利用技术综合评价

本文介绍了生物质能转换利用的方法,对现有生物质能转换技术进行了比较,运用层次分析法从技术先进性、经济可行性和环境安全性三个方面对现有生物质能转换利用技术进行了综合评价,提出了生物质能转换利用技术的优先发展顺序和发展方向,为我国生物质能转换利用技术的发展和应用提供参考依据.     

山药酸奶工艺的研制

以新鲜牛奶为原料,加入熟化后的山药汁经处理后通过正交试验,再添加山药果粒加工而研制出一种气味浓郁、口感爽滑、酸甜可口,集酸奶和山药的营养保健于一体的新型发酵饮料.     

Selection and Evaluation of Indexes Commonly Used to Determine Contamination with T-2 Toxin in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by the Grey Relational Method

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feed on muscle performance in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, evaluate indexes of physiological variables that indicate T-2 toxin contamination in the shrimp using the grey relational method, and determine the dose–response relationships between T-2 toxin and the indexes. Of the 6 physical, 7 biochemical, and 17 nutritional indexes examined, the values of the grey relational coefficients were highest for the hepatopancreas: body weight ratio (HBR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and serine (SER) content (0.83, 0.68, and 0.82, respectively). Therefore, the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content were selected as appropriate indexes for contamination of Pacific white shrimp muscle with T-2 toxin. Based on their dose–response relationship curves, mean effective doses of 1.45, 1.69, and 1.33 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed were obtained for the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content, respectively. These results offer technical reference points for the evaluation and control of T-2 toxin in shrimp feed.

Received April 28, 2016 accepted April 9, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017     

蜂花粉抗化学性肝损伤研究进展

近年来研究发现蜂花粉具有显著的保肝功效,国内外学者已对此开展了广泛而深入的研究。本文就蜂花粉及活性成分对化学性肝损伤(四氯化碳肝损伤、酒精性肝损伤、氨基半乳糖诱导肝损伤)的作用效果和作用机理等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其研究方向和前景进行展望。     

快慢羽品系贵妃鸡体尺性状及屠宰性能的比较分析

对20周龄的6只快羽贵妃鸡与6只慢羽贵妃鸡的体尺性状与屠宰性能进行比较分析.结果表明,两品系间的体尺性状与屠宰性能均为慢羽鸡大于快羽鸡,且髋宽、半净膛率两品系间差异显著(P<0.05).两品系间的内脏器官的体积大小和骨架结构大小存在一定的规律性,骨架指数与睾丸重慢羽鸡均大于快羽鸡,器官指数则是慢羽鸡小于快羽鸡.     

貂,貉,犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断试剂的研究

用金黄葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）协同凝集方法（ＣｏＡ）对貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断的试剂进行了制备，确定了制备。艺及该制剂的标准操作程序。本制剂特异性强，不与健康动物的组织及其他几种病毒病（犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、狂犬病等）发生交叉凝集反应，灵敏度高，通过该制剂ＣｏＡ法与ＨＡ－ＨＩ法比较结果比现行的貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎ＨＡ－ＨＩ诊断方法检出率高出３０％，同时具有微量、操作简便、易掌握、快速等特点，可在３～５ｍｉｎ获得诊断结果。     

丝素膜的结构测定和分析

对脱胶丝素纤维、初生丝素蛋白膜、固定化ＧＯＤ－丝素膜结构进行了红外光谱分析。三者红外光谱图差异明显，丝素纤维为典型的丝Ⅱ（双向平行的β片层）结构，初生丝素膜的红外光谱显示无规卷曲或丝Ⅰ构型的特征，经戊二醛活化处理后制备的酶膜，在７００ｃｍ－１处有一显著吸收峰，表明其构型向β型转变，丝素膜的水溶率变化也证实了红外光谱显示的结果。     

Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

铜对意大利蜜蜂工蜂生理机能的影响

本研究旨在探索意大利蜜蜂工蜂成蜂饲粮中铜的添加水平对蜜蜂生长发育、生理生化及抗氧化性能的影响。从蜂群中随机取3000只刚出房的蜜蜂,随机平均分成6组,分别命名为A、B、C、D、E、F,每组5个重复,每个重复100只蜜蜂;6组工蜂幼虫分别饲喂铜的添加水平为0.00、2.00、4.00、6.00、8.00、10.00μg/g的糖水,饲养至全部死亡。分别取成蜂测定体成分、血淋巴生化指标、抗氧化指标、相关基因表达量、制作中肠切片,并测定寿命。结果表明:(1)铜对蜜蜂寿命的影响显著,从蜜蜂存活率曲线图来看,当饲粮中铜的添加水平为2.00μg/g时对蜜蜂中肠食膜的结构最为有利。(2)与对照组相比,铜的添加水平为2.00~10.00μg/g组9日龄蜜蜂体组织铜含量显著升高(P<0.05),蜜蜂血淋巴中总蛋白(TP)和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。(3)9日龄蜜蜂蜂体超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)活性随着铜添加水平的提高出现先升高后降低的趋势,在2.00μg/g时活性最高(P<0.05)。(4)当饲粮中铜的添加水平在0.00~10.00μg/g的范围内不断升高时,CAT、Ctr1基因相对表达量显著增加(P<0.05)。由此得出饲粮中铜的添加水平对蜜蜂的生理机能影响显著。     

塔里木马鹿副结核病诊断与防治

新疆某团饲养的塔里木马鹿群发生以腹泻、渐进性消瘦、难以治愈、侵害4岁以下鹿为主要特征的疫病,经流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理病化、分子生物学诊断技术(PCR)、免疫酶标技术(ELASA)等先进技术的诊断,首次确诊为塔里木马鹿副结核病,现报告如下。