偏心—椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植装置动力学优化与试验

为获得偏心-椭圆齿轮行星轮系栽植装置最优的机构参数,在建立其动力学分析模型的基础上,以一个作业循环中支座垂直方向所受作用力的峰值力和波动最小为目标建立其动力学优化模型。为验证所建立的动力学分析模型的可靠性,以该装置满足理想栽植要求的非劣解集为约束条件,运用所建立的动力学优化模型优化得到该装置最优的机构参数,进而基于最优机构参数搭建试验台进行动力学特性测试,测得了该栽植装置在工作转速为40 r/min时一个工作循环中支座垂直方向受力与行星架转角的关系,通过试验结果和理论结果的对比分析,表明其动力学分析模型是可靠的,可为其动力学优化提供可靠数学模型。     

复合生态系统理论视角下乡村生态景观营造路径探索

乡村作为以农林渔牧经营为主的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,以人的活动为主导,自然子系统、社会子系统与经济子系统之间相互依存、制约与补偿,形成人类活动与自然之间的和谐共生关系。本文基于复合生态系统理论,阐释乡村社会-经济-自然系统的相互关系,探讨生态景观作为乡村生态基础设施的营造路径。通过梳理复合生态系统视角下乡村生态景观的自然性、经济性、社会性等基本属性,辨析其空间范畴、要素与功能、权属与生态权益等基本框架,厘清乡村生态景观营造的基本脉络和影响因素。以张家口市崇礼区石窑子乡为例,构建涵盖韧性评估、保育修复、价值转化、管控能力的乡村生态景观营造路径,针对林草交错地区的乡村生态条件和村庄发展特点,进行生态景观的韧性评估,划分林草植被恢复、农林机制重塑、村庄聚落人居3个区域,并提出生态保护修复、生态价值转化路径和生态管控能力提升策略,以期优化乡村生态景观营造方法,为乡村生态振兴和人居环境整治提升提供参考思路。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌研究回顾与展望

回顾了苏云金芽孢杆菌发展的历史,综述了资源、鉴定与分类、分子生物学包括cry基因、vip基因chi基因、aliA基因,生物信息学、生态学、安全性及产品化等问题,并对今后的发展提出一些意见。     

New strategy for expression of recombinant hydroxylated human-derived gelatin in Pichia pastoris KM71

Gelatin is a well-known biopolymer, and it has a long history of use mainly as a gelling agent in the food industry. This paper reports a new method for producing recombinant hydroxylated human-derived gelatin in Pichia pastoris KM71. Three independent expression cassettes encoding for specific length of gelatin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H, EC 1.14.11.2), α-subunit (αP4H), and protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) were individually cloned in one expression vector, pPIC9K. The modified gelatin gene and two subunit genes of P4H were under the control of two different inducible promoters, namely, alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1) and formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (PFLD1), respectively. The results of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show that a recombinant gelatin was successfully expressed in P. pastoris KM71 by methanol induction. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicates that the expressed gelatin was hydroxylated with approximately 66.7% of proline residues in the Y positions of Gly-X-Y triplets. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of recombinant gelatin test show that the (1)H and (13)C spectra have many corresponding characteristic displacement peaks, and amino acids composition analysis shows that it contains hydroxyproline and its UV absorption is consistent with the characteristics of gelatin.     

钢板弹簧疲劳分析

传统的钢板弹簧强度分析中,多是借助简化的力学模型,基于材料力学的小挠度梁的线弹性理论进行计算,计算中的假设条件和计算方法与钢板弹簧实际情况不尽相符,计算结果存在误差。在钢板弹簧的结构应力计算基础上,通过建立钢板弹簧装配及加载状态的精确有限元模型,并考虑片间的非线性接触,在交变载荷作用下,计算得到钢板弹簧接近实际工况的应力循环,然后利用其S N曲线,基于Miner线性累计损伤准则计算其疲劳寿命。通过钢板弹簧的实际疲劳试验,验证了模型计算结果的正确性。     

Development of peanut varieties with high oil content by in vitro mutagenesis and screening

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil crop globally and high oil content is one of the major targets in peanut breeding programs. Previous studies indicated that the osmotic pressure (OP) of the leaves of peanut plants subjected to drought stress was negatively correlated with kernel oil content. Based on this knowledge, we established a practical and reliable method for creating new peanut varieties with high oil content using in vitro mutagenesis and directional OP-based selection. Using embryonic leaflets of peanut variety Huayu 20 as explants, pingyangmycin (PYM) as the mutagen, and hydroxyproline (HYP) as the OP regulator, we developed 15 HYP-tolerant regenerated plants. For each regenerated plant, we selected offspring with oil content>55% (relative to 49.5% for Huayu 20). We developed and released three new peanut varieties with high yield and high oil content from the offspring of the HYP-tolerant regenerated plants. The three new varieties were named as Yuhua 4, Yuhua 9 and Yuhua 14 and their oil contents were 57.7, 61.1 and 59.3%, respectively. The results indicate that in vitro mutagenesis with PYM followed by directed screening with HYP is a useful approach for breeding peanut varieties with high oil contents.     

轴流泵叶轮进出口流场的测量

为了获得轴流泵内部流动的真实情况,设计了内部流动测量装置.运用五孔球形探针,对高效轴流泵在0.8Qopt,1.0Qopt和1.2Qopt工况下的叶轮进口和出口速度矢量分布、静压分布和总压分布进行了测量,并分析了不同工况下的轴面速度、环量、圆周方向分速度和压力分布等.测量结果表明：轴流泵模型进口在0.8Qopt至1.2Qopt工况范围内,流动稳定,进口轴向速度从轮毂到轮缘逐渐减小,且进口预旋很小,不同径向位置的静压基本相等.在最优工况下,轮毂与可调叶片间无间隙时,轴流泵叶轮出口基本呈现等环量流型,轴面速度呈现抛物线分布,且效率高.若轮毂侧存在间隙,间隙处的环量、轴面速度、压力和效率均明显下降.     

HIV VRC01单链抗体的构建、原核表达及纯化

【目的】合成、克隆HIV单克降抗体VRC01的单链抗体基因,在大肠杆菌中诱导表达并进行纯化。【方法】根据GenBank上公布的VRC01抗体可变区的氨基酸序列合成引物,运用基因从头合成和重叠延伸PCR方法,克隆抗体VRC01的重链可变区(VH)和轻链可变区(VL)基因;用15肽Linker(Gly4Ser)3将VH和VL基因相连,得到单链抗体基因scFv-VH-Linker-VL和scFv-VL-Linker-VH,并分别将两者克隆到原核表达载体pET28a中,构建重组质粒后转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3+)中诱导表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析;将重组蛋白进行变性处理后,利用Ni-NTA金属螯合层析柱对表达产物进行初步纯化。【结果】得到了VRC01的2种单链抗体的基因scFv-VH-Linker-VL和scFv-VL-Linker-VH,其大小分别为770和768bp。SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示,scFv-VH-Linker-VL在大肠杆菌中不表达或表达量极低;而scFv-VL-Linker-VH表达量较高,蛋白质分子质量约为29ku,且主要以包涵体形式存在。Western blot检测结果证实,scFv-VL-Linker-VH可与His-Tag融合表达,并通过亲和层析法成功纯化获得了该单链抗体。【结论】成功构建、表达并纯化出了VRC01单链抗体,为进一步研究VRC01单链抗体的生物学特性奠定了基础。     

非圆齿轮行星轮系自动取苗机构逆向设计分析

单自由度传动机构实现复杂轨迹和姿态要求是机构设计难点,该文针对穴盘苗取苗机构运动要求开展非圆齿轮行星轮系传动机构的逆向设计研究,提出基于输出构件相对转角单调性的机构可再现轨迹判定准则,对于给定的预期轨迹,通过相对转角曲线的单调性判断非圆齿轮行星轮系传动的适用性;在预期轨迹的规划上研究轨迹关键点的设置方法以利于非圆齿轮的传动比设计,给出在满足机构工作轨迹和姿态要求下轨迹型值点的确定流程,编写机构的设计软件确定一组机构参数,通过ADAMS进行了机构仿真验证。研究结果表明,轨迹与送钵装置最小距离为21 mm,取苗尖嘴宽度为2.07 mm,尖嘴倾角为136.4°,取苗臂在入钵段摆角为24.3°,出钵段摆角为3.6°,投苗角为76°,齿轮模数为2.53 mm,轨迹高度为285 mm,轨迹最低位置与行星架最低点距离为34 mm,单级非圆齿轮最大传动比降为1.81,该研究为非圆齿轮行星轮系传动的设计提供了参考。     

密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪育苗影响研究

为了明确育苗时密度与环境因子对蒙古黄芪生长特征影响,本试验以蒙古黄芪为研究对象,通过单因素田间随机区组试验,测定蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗和根长4个指标。结果表明,密度对蒙古黄芪影响最大,其次是湿度,最后是光照和电导率。密度与蒙古黄芪株高、茎粗、根粗呈现负相关性,与根长呈正相关性(P<0.05),密度为400株/m ²时,株高、茎粗及根粗最大,密度为1000株/m ²时根长最大。