L-肉碱在动物生产中的应用

文章综述了L-肉碱的定义、合成与检测方法及其在动物生产中的应用。     

犏牛和牦牛ESCO2基因的序列特征及其在睾丸中的表达对比分析

旨在克隆犏牛和牦牛姐妹染色单体内聚建立蛋白2（establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 2,ESCO2）基因,并分析其在不同发育阶段睾丸中的表达与定位,为进一步解析ESCO2在减数分裂过程中的作用机制提供理论依据。本研究以健康雄性犏牛及牦牛为试验动物,根据年龄分为胎牛组（5~6月龄）、幼年组（1~2岁）和成年组（3~4岁）,每组各3头。通过RT-PCR技术克隆犏牛和牦牛ESCO2基因并进行生物信息学分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR （quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR）检测ESCO2基因在犏牛不同组织中的表达谱,比较分析ESCO2在犏牛和牦牛不同时期睾丸中的表达规律,利用免疫组织化学（immunohistochemistry,IHC）技术检测ESCO2蛋白的细胞定位和表达差异。结果显示,犏牛ESCO2基因（GenBank登录号：MW198470） CDS区为1 833 bp,编码610个氨基酸,与牦牛相比,犏牛ESCO2序列第301~319位多19个氨基酸,另有3个氨基酸突变;犏牛ESCO2蛋白序列与黄牛的同源性高于其他哺乳动物;ESCO2可能与SMC3、SMC1A、PDS5A、PDS5B、STAG2等蛋白相互作用,互作蛋白功能与姐妹染色单体凝聚、减数分裂细胞周期、DNA修复、细胞分裂和染色体重构等生物学过程相关。ESCO2在犏牛各组织中均有表达,但在睾丸中的相对表达水平显著高于其它组织（P<0.05）;在犏牛睾丸中的表达随年龄增长呈上升趋势,幼年和成年时期犏牛睾丸中ESCO2的表达显著低于同时期牦牛（P<0.05）;IHC染色结果发现,雄性犏牛减数分裂阻滞于初级精母细胞,ESCO2蛋白在犏牛初级精母细胞中无表达并与牦牛存在差异。本研究结果表明,犏牛与牦牛的ESCO2基因、蛋白序列差异较大,且在睾丸发育过程中的表达模式差异显著,这可能是引起雄性犏牛减数分裂阻滞及不育的原因之一,其具体作用机制有待进一步研究。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

立足大国农业,培养"养猪达人""猪生产技术"课程思政教学改革探索

文章以畜牧兽医类专业核心课程“猪生产技术”育人目标为出发点,结合“课程思政”的教育理念,阐述“猪生产技术”课程思政实施必要性,探索课程思政元素挖掘和教学实施,将爱国情怀、生态保护、责任担当、职业素养、团队协作、食品安全等思政元素融入课程教学过程中,旨在探索专业课程内容与思政内容融合要点,从而提高学生的专业素养、职业素养和道德水平。     

Effects of soybean raffinose on growth performance,digestibility,humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs

There are appreciable does of raffinose in soybean, but the impacts of raffinose on pigs are poorly investigated. We used 2 experiments to investigate the influence of soybean raffinose on growth performance, digestibility, humoral immunity and intestinal morphology of growing pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) barrows (21.93 ± 0.43 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet, the control diets supplemented with 0.2% and 0.5% raffinose, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that the addition of 0.2% or 0.5% raffinose reduced (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and nutrient digestibility, and dietary 0.5% raffinose increased the ratio of feed to gain (P < 0.05). For serum indexes, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased growth hormone and increased glucagon-like peptide-2, immunoglobulin G, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 concentration (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, a total of 24 crossbred barrows (38.41 ± 0.45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups, and were fed with the control diet (ad libitum), the raffinose diet (0.5% raffinose, ad libitum), and the control diet in the same amount as the raffinose group (feed-pair group) for 14 d, respectively. Compared with the control diet, dietary 0.5% raffinose decreased ADFI (P < 0.05). Intriguingly, the raffinose group had lower ADG than the feed-pair group, lower nutrient digestibility, lower amylase activity in duodenum, lower amylase, lipase and trypsin activities in jejunum and higher TNF-α concentration in serum compared with the other 2 groups, and a higher ratio of villus height to crypt depth compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results showed that soybean raffinose could reduce feed voluntary intake and body gain while improving intestinal morphology without a significant negative influence on immunity. Taken together, dietary raffinose could decrease growth performance by reducing both feed intake and nutrient digestibility while inducing humoral immune response of growing pigs.     

维生素C废水厌氧处理生产运行的新技术研究

对生产规模上流式厌氧污泥过滤器处理维生素Ｃ废水的工艺流程和设备进行了合理的改革，以厌氧出水回流与高浓度废水混合稀释降低进水ＣＯＤ浓度，提高进水的总碱度，同时控制反应器水力负荷，从而提高了反应器的处理能力。     

一种时间阈值自动调整的测频方法设计与实现

由于多周期同步频率测量方法对测频率在低频段的范围有一定限制,提出了一种时间阈值自动调整的改进型多周期同步频率测量方法。当被测频率超出低频段测量范围时,该方法通过有规律地延长时间阈值,拓展了在低频段被测频率的范围。结合MSP430单片机丰富的硬件资源,解决了测频模块硬件实现中的频率范围超出判断、时间阈值自动延长等关键问题,提出了合理的解决方案,并对其进行了软硬件设计。经实验测试,该方法实现了频率的测量,并拓展了低频段频率测量的范围。     

插秧机作业面积测量远程监测系统软件设计——基于VisualBasic.NET 2010

为实现对插秧机作业区域自动识别和作业面积的自动测量,实时掌握跨区作业插秧机远程作业面积参量值,以VisualStudio平台上的VisualBasic.NET2010为开发环境,开发了一套高速插秧机跨区作业面积远程测量监测系统软件。该软件功能主要包括GPS定位轨迹及作业区域的识别、面积测量、数据通讯、数据显示和数据存贮。系统采用VisualBasic.NET2010语言进行开发,将远程跨区作业的插秧机面积测量监测数据经由GPRS网络进行无线传输到上位机,并采用SOCKET组件和ADO.NET技术实现系统数据通信,完成PC机与下位机之间数据的传输,对测量结果进行显示存储,同时通过系统误差分析完成系统的可行性判断。     

用于冬小麦组分信息检测的便携式LVF光谱仪研究

小麦是我国主要的粮食作物,能够实时准确地对小麦进行长势监测具有重要意义。为此,介绍了一种自主研发的便携式LVF光谱仪的软硬件结构,采集冬小麦冠层叶片光谱数据,利用偏最小二乘法建立了冬小麦组分信息的内嵌反演模型,使其成为可以测量冬小麦叶片组分信息的专用型光谱仪。同时,用校验集对预测模型进行验证,相关系数分别达到0.906和0.876。结果表明:便携式LVF光谱仪在冬小麦叶片组分信息的检测方面是可行性的。     

杏果输送过程中定向稳定性的试验研究-基于正交试验

杏果输送过程中定向稳定性问题的关键所在是寻找影响定向成功率的主要因素,将各影响因素经过科学的组合对比,找到最佳组合,提高水果在实际生产过程中的定向成功率。为此,利用正交试验、高速摄像仪和动应变测量系统相结合的方法确定影响杏果定向成功率的主要因素,即入口通道宽度(D)、夹持带的速度大小(V)、杏子尺寸大小(I)。通过正交对比试验,得知底部输送带采用齿皮带时比光皮带的定向效果好,最佳试验因素组合是D=30mm、V=1.29m/s、I=34~35mm。利用高速摄像观测统计发现:杏果大部分在定向通道的第3区域达到定向稳定。考虑夹持片对输送带振动影响的情况下,统计出杏子的定向稳定区域主要集中于输送通道的第3区域,为杏子切刀的位置选择提供了依据。