花期前后高温对玉米花粉发育及结实率的影响

为明确花期不同梯度高温对玉米开花特性和花粉活力的影响,以热敏感基因型玉米品种‘驻玉309’为试验材料,于花期(吐丝前8d～吐丝后8d)进行不同程度高温(31、34和37℃)处理,测定受精结实率、雄穗性状、开花时间、花粉活力及花粉超显微结构,分析生育期前后的高温对受精结实、开花特性及花粉活力的影响。结果表明,花期高温胁迫显著降低玉米受精结实率,对抽雄吐丝间隔期无显著影响,但盛花期提前;极端高温则导致玉米抽雄期显著提前、开花期和盛花期延后,抽雄吐丝间隔期延长;花期高温使花粉粒形态皱缩、萌发孔内陷,显著降低花粉活力,且温度越高,花粉活力降低幅度越大。因此,花期前后高温通过影响玉米影响雄穗开花特性、延长抽雄吐丝间隔期、影响花粉粒形态、降低花粉活力,从而降低玉米的小花受精率和籽粒结实率。     

扬州市农产品品牌建设现状及对策分析

农产品品牌化对提高农产品的市场竞争力,促进农产品的生产与销售、提高农业效益、增加农民收入都有积极作用。近年来,在“品牌兴农”战略指导下,扬州市农产品品牌的数量和质量有了大幅度提高,品牌价值逐步显现,农产品效益显著增强,但同时还存在商标拥有及利用率低、农产品标准化程度低、市场竞争力弱等诸多问题,需要政府、行业协会、企业和农户的共同努力来解决。     

Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in different coloured cultivars of ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC)

Anthocyanins are responsible for the colour of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and coloured-leaved trees. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is widely cultivated for its colourful inner leaves. To investigate the relationship between the degree of colouration and anthocyanin distribution, content, and composition in ornamental kale, the authors studied the pigment characteristics of five cultivars with different coloured leaves (white, pink, red, purple, and purple-black). Microscopy observation, spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of fresh inner leaves revealed that pink, red, and purple colourations were associated with high levels of anthocyanin, while purple-black was the result of the combination of anthocyanins and chlorophyll. In the coloured cultivars, anthocyanins were abundant mainly in the first and second cell layers below the epidermis in both the hypocotyls and inner leaves. No anthocyanin was found in the white-leaved phenotype cultivar. Anthocyanin content increased as leaf colour deepened from pink, red, to purple cultivars, which had little chlorophyll and carotenoid. The authors identified eight anthocyanins in the four coloured cultivars, including one non-acylated, four monoacylated, and three diacylated cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)(feruloyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in the four coloured cultivars followed by cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside. The analysis of anthocyanin accumulation characterisation provides important information on evaluating colouration patterns in coloured plants, and will be helpful for breeding desired leaf colours in ornamental kale.     

黑龙江省大豆新品系双抗大豆灰斑病、疫霉病鉴定

2005年大豆灰斑病采用田间人工喷雾接种方法、大豆疫霉根腐病采用下胚轴伤口接种方法,对黑龙江省大豆新品系进行大豆灰斑病、疫霉根腐病抗性鉴定筛选研究,从中鉴定出5份抗大豆灰斑病、疫霉病的双抗资源,它们是:合00-23,建99-130,哈交98-5129,哈交20-5489,东农276,及一大批单抗灰斑病、疫霉根腐病的种质.并建立了比较全面的抗性调查评价体系.     

滇重楼授粉特性的初步研究

通过对滇重楼授粉特性初步研究,结果表明:①滇重楼是常异花授粉植物,且不存在无融合生殖;②自然界中的滇重楼通过昆虫进行传粉,属虫媒植物;③滇重楼自花授粉结籽率低,人工异花授粉是提高种子产量的有效措施;④滇重楼的最佳授粉期是在花粉囊裂开后的第5天,花粉囊裂开后的5 d内完成人工授粉效果最好,授粉后到完成受精有效时间为24~96 h。本文为滇重楼育种和提高种子产量提供科学依据。     

混料设计在辣椒不同类型氮肥配比试验研究中的应用

采用田间试验,研究了混料设计中的单形重心设计在辣椒控释尿素、普通尿素配肥上的应用,测定了辣椒的产量及其构成,配置了各因子的产量回归方程,解析寻优,对肥料效应及经济效益进行了分析.结果表明,三种氮肥比例为普通尿素U=0.20～0.30,控释尿素D60(控释期60天)=0.40～0.60,控释尿素D30(控释期30天)=0.20～0.40(换算为纯氮实际用量U=150.0～225.0 kg/hm2,D60=300.0～450.0 kg/hm2,D30=150.0～300.0 kg/hm2)的方案,预测最高产量可达85.0 t/hm2.控释尿素D30-D60两者配合施用、普通尿素与控释尿素D30-D60三者配合施用均能显著提高辣椒产量,比普通尿素分别增产24.40、28.26 t/hm2,增产率分别为42.0%和49.0%,产量差异均达极显著水平.施肥效应以D30-D60混合最高,为20.88 t/hm2,达极显著水平.经济效益分析表明,U-D30-D60处理施肥利润为2.440万元/hm2,氮素利用率最高,为60.1%.普通尿素与两种控释尿素按一定比例混合施用有利于提高辣椒产量和增加农民的经济收入.     

4种蛙皮肤活性肽的提取及生物活性比较

利用80%甲醇和乙醚刺激方法,分别提取了4种两栖类动物皮肤粗提物和分泌物,并进行了生物学活性的测定.结果表明,4种蛙皮肤粗提物具有广谱抗菌活性,其中中国林蛙有轻微的溶血性,牛蛙与美国青蛙粗提物具有胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性;而4种蛙皮肤粗提物均无胰蛋白酶活性,牛蛙、美国青蛙与东北林蛙具有很强的凝集素活性.利用MTT法检测到4种蛙皮粗提物具有抗肿瘤细胞与抗病毒活性.     

碰撞变量对汽车碰撞严重程度的影响规律研究

为了深入研究汽车碰撞严重程度与碰撞变量的关系,在进行了基本物理量对汽车碰撞剧烈程度影响分析的基础上,选择碰撞车辆作用质量、碰撞车总车速和碰撞车总动量为碰撞变量,应用数学方法,研究了它们对汽车碰撞严重程度的影响规律,可为汽车碰撞事故的分析提供可借鉴的经验．     

Effects of three kinds of calcium activator on the proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of intracellular free calcium ([Ca²⁺]i) from different resources on the proliferation mediated by mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS: Cultured VSMCs were used in all experiments. Calcium influx was stimulated by angiotension Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ). The release of intracellular calcium stores was induced by inositol trisphosphate (IP₃) and ryanodine (RY). MAPK activity was measured by [γ-³²P]-ATP incorporation MAPK protein expression by western blot, VSMCs proliferation by [³H]-Leucine ([³H]-Leu) and [³H]-Thymidine ([³H]-TdR) incorporation. RESULTS: Compared to the control VSMCs, Ang Ⅱ, IP₃ and RY significantly increased [Ca²⁺]i concentration activity of MAPK and its protein content in VSMCs. The promotion of [³H]-Leu and [³H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs was also observed (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The study indicated that calcium activator-induced increase in the activity and protein content of MAPK was involved in the proliferation of VSMCs, which was closely related to the [Ca²⁺]i concentration but independent to its origin.     

日粮铜源及其水平对猪下丘脑生长抑素分泌的影响

选用军牧 1号断乳仔猪 75头 ,随机分为 5组 ,采用完全随机化设计进行生长试验 ,研究了 2种铜源 (硫酸铜、蛋氨酸铜 )、3个添加水平 (5、12 5、2 5 0 mg/ kg)的日粮对猪生长及生长抑素分泌的影响 ,同时研究了下丘脑儿茶酚胺的变化与生长抑素的关系。结果表明 :日粮中添加 12 5 m g/ kg(P <0 .0 1)、2 5 0 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )硫酸铜 ,12 5 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 1)、2 5 0 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )蛋氨酸铜 ,可显著提高仔猪增重 ;而上述添加 5 mg/ kg硫酸铜组猪下丘脑生长抑素含量为 2 2 5 .74 ng/ g组织 ,显著高于 12 5 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )、2 5 0 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 5 )硫酸铜组和 12 5 mg/ kg(P<0 .0 1)、2 5 0mg/ kg(P<0 .0 1)蛋氨酸铜组。下丘脑生长抑素含量与去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺含量呈负相关关系 (P<0 .0 5 )。据此认为 ,高剂量铜通过调节儿茶酚胺代谢抑制下丘脑生长抑素分泌 ,是其促生长调控的途径之一