猪红细胞CD58分子协同NDⅣ疫苗免疫的佐剂效应

用从木瓜酶修饰的猪红细胞提取的 CD5 8分子 ,协同 ND 疫苗免疫 8日龄雏鸡 (分为试验 A组、对照 B组 ) ;用从正常猪红细胞提取的 CD5 8分子 ,协同 ND 疫苗免疫 18日龄雏鸡 (分为试验 C组、对照 D组 ) ,以β-微量法测定ND抗体效价 ,以 α-醋酸萘酯酶染色法检测鸡外周血 T细胞的变化 ,并分别用 NDV F4 8E9强毒株在免疫后 2 4 d攻击 A组和 B组鸡、39d攻击 C组和 D组鸡。结果表明 ,免疫前 ,8日龄雏鸡的 ND抗体效价为 2 5.8,18日龄雏鸡的 ND抗体均为阴性 ;免疫后 ,与对照 D组比较 ,试验 C组的 ND抗体提前 4 d达到 2 4 .8,并且试验 C组 ND抗体效价显著高于对照 D组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,保护期延长 ;试验 A组雏鸡体内 ND抗体变化和对照 B组相似 ,但试验 A组雏鸡外周血 T细胞数量显著高于对照 B组 ( P<0 .0 1或 P<0 .0 5 )。攻毒试验结果显示 ,试验 A组鸡死亡率为 33% ,对照 B组鸡死亡率为6 3% ;试验 C组鸡死亡率为 17% ,对照 D组鸡死亡率为 5 3%。本研究结果表明 ,猪红细胞 CD5 8分子具有较好的疫苗佐剂效应     

动物性食品安全应从源头抓起

随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们对动物性食品的需求发生了由量到质的变化,不仅仅关心动物性食品的营养价值,而且更加关注其卫生与安全。特别是近年来,国外重大动物疫病的发生,国内畜禽产品因抗生素残留在出口贸易中“屡遭封杀”,因兽药残留在国内引发一系列人体食物中毒事件等,更加重了国民对动物性食品安全和自身健康的担心。食品安全问题目前已成为我国各级政府和社会关注的热点问题,也是我国加入世贸组织之后畜牧业发展急需解决的重大问题。笔者认为,要想从根本上解决动物性食品安全问题,必须从动物性食品生产源头抓起,着…     

杆菌肽类饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中的应用

杆菌肽作为抗菌饲料添加剂使用已经有50多年的历史了,本文主要杆菌肽锌和亚甲基水杨酸抗生素类饲料添加剂的药理作用、毒性安全、动物保健效果、国内外生产使用情况等方面进行了综述。     

鸡胚致病性大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定

对胶州某种鸡场孵化19d出现的死亡鸡胚无菌采取尿囊液和肝脏,集中进行了常规菌的分离与培养。对分离的病原菌进行细菌培养、染色镜检、生化试验、溶血试验和药敏试验,分离鉴定结果表明,该批鸡胚感染了致病性大肠杆菌,并产生溶血现象。药敏试验结果表明,分离到的致病性大肠杆菌对美福仙高度敏感,对庆大霉素、先锋V中度敏感,而对其他几种药物产生了耐药性,为该种鸡场对大肠杆菌病的预防和治疗提供了理论依据     

Association of polymorphisms for nuclear receptor coactivator 1 gene with egg production traits in the maternal line of Shaobo hens

1. The objectives of the study were to find polymorphic sites and elucidate the association between SNPs in the nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) gene and reproductive traits. 2. SNPs were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Four SNPs were detected, including T10155007A, T10125838C, G10118492A and G10109315T. Three polymorphisms were associated with total egg production at the age of 300 d and the G10109315T polymorphism was associated with age at first egg. 3. In conclusion, the NCOA1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for reproductive traits in hens.     

Mitochondrial dysfunction influences apoptosis and autophagy in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro

Mitochondria are important regulators of both apoptosis and autophagy. One of the triggers for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Recently, several studies have indicated that ROS may also be involved in the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we used H(2)O(2) to induce mitochondrial stress, examined apoptotic- and autophagic-related gene expression and observed LC3 protein (autophagosome presence marker) expression in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. In porcine four-cell parthenotes cultured for 5 days in NCSU37 medium containing 0.4% BSA, the developmental rate and mitochondrial distribution did not differ from that of the group supplemented with 100 μM H(2)O(2) but was significantly decreased in the group supplemented with 500 μM H(2)O(2) (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that whereas normal shaped mitochondria were observed in blastocysts from the control group, abnormal mitochondria (mitophagy) and autophagic vacuoles were observed in blastocysts from the group that received 500 μM H(2)O(2). Furthermore, addition of H(2)O(2) (100 μM and 500 μM) decreased cell numbers (P<0.05) and increased both apoptosis (P<0.05) and LC3 protein expression in the blastocysts. Real-time RT-PCR showed that H(2)O(2) significantly decreased mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL but increased pro-apoptotic genes, Caspase 3 (Casp3) and Bak, and autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (Map1lc3b) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2). However, the addition of H(2)O(2) had no effect on mRNA expression levels in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial-related genes, cytochrome oxidase (Cox) 5a, Cox5b and Cox6b1, in blastocysts. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that results in apoptosis and autophagy, which is possibly related to porcine early embryo development.     

环介导恒温扩增（LAMP）——检测沙门氏菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测沙门氏菌的LAMP方法。根据沙门氏菌invA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性试验,通过LAMP与PCR灵敏度的试验与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为63℃,只对沙门氏菌进行扩增;沙门氏菌的检测灵敏度为7～8cfu／mL。LAMP方法检测沙门氏菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测沙门氏菌的新方法。     

一种从藤粉蝶分离的微孢子虫的生物学特性和分子系统发育研究

从广州市萝岗桑园周边捕捉到的野外昆虫藤粉蝶(Delias pasithoe)成虫体内分离到1株微孢子虫,经人工接种可在家蚕体内全身性寄生。用透射电子显微镜观察到该微孢子虫为双核,极丝11～12圈,极丝同型,基本符合Nosema属微孢子虫超微结构特征。该微孢子虫在其生活史发育过程中以偶倍数核为主,以二分裂方式增殖,形成双核孢子,发育周期为108 h。基于SSU rRNA和rRNA ITS序列的相似性比较和系统进化分析进一步证实该微孢子虫与Nosema属亲缘关系最近,应被分类为Nosema属‘true’Nosema亚群。     

断奶日龄对仔猪Et玫瑰花环形成率和T淋巴细胞转化率的影响

选取15窝杜洛克×长白×约克夏三元杂交初生仔猪 ,按14、21、28、35日龄断奶和不断奶随机分为5组(14E、21E、28E、35E、C) ,每组3窝 ,研究断奶及不同断奶日龄对仔猪外周血Et玫瑰花环形成率和T淋巴细胞转化率的影响。结果表明 :哺乳仔猪外周血Et玫瑰花环形成率、淋巴细胞转化率LTT(PHA、LPS刺激原)随日龄增长呈线性加大的趋势(P<0.05) ;断奶应激均使Et、LTT(PHA)、LTT(LPS)降低(P<0.05)。断奶越早 ,断奶后血液LTT(PHA/LPS)下降的幅度越大 ,恢复与哺乳猪相同水平的时间越长 ,其中14日龄断奶后1～3周 ,21、28日龄断奶后1周LTT(PHA)显著低于对照组(P<0.05) ;14日龄断奶后1～4周 ,21日龄断奶后1～3周 ,28日龄断奶后1～2周 ,35日龄断奶后1周LTT(LPS)显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。     

花粉在畜牧业中的应用

动物实验表明,花粉无毒,可以作为饲料添加剂用在畜牧业生产中。花粉中的蛋白质成分主要以游离氨基酸的形式存在,其氨基酸分数(A A S)高达97,仅次于人乳和全蛋,必需氨基酸的含量和比例更是十分接近FA O和W H O推荐的理想蛋白质中必需氨基酸的含量模式,极易被消化吸收。加上含有丰富的维生素、矿物质等营养成分,是能单独提供动物生长发育所需全部营养成分的食物,因此享有“完全营养物”、“微型营养库”的美誉[1,2]。1蜂花粉在畜禽生产上的应用情况1.1用于蛋鸡饲养,可以提高产蛋量张玉兰等(1998)用1.0%复方花粉饲喂蛋鸡,结果产蛋率提高7.6…