浅析21世纪中国农机发展

进入新的世纪,正值中国加入世界贸易组织,这既给中国农业的发展带来了新的机遇,又让其面临着新的挑战。对于中国人均土地占有数量少,农户生产规模小且生产效率相对较低的状况来说,需要进行农业生产手段的变革,不断进行技术创新。深化农业产业结构调整,加快发展区域特色经济,是农业发展的既定方向。农业机械化是农业现代化的重要组成部分,它能综合现代耕作技术和生产工艺,较大幅度地提高生产效率,从而促进农村劳动力转移,发展第二、第三产业。因此,对21世纪农机化发展进行探索是一项意义深远的课题。1我国农机化发展基本情况(表1)表1从表1可…     

灭茬刀轴连接盘的落料成型模具设计

模具是机械工业的重要组成部分,其生产的制件具备高精度、高效率和低成本等优点。为此,设计了灭茬刀轴连接盘的冲裁模,选择了冲孔落料倒装式复合模的模具类型,可以一次性完成刀轴连接盘的落料和冲孔,取代了传统多道工序才能完成的落后的生产方式,提高了生产效率,降低了生产成本。     

基于MS1210的大坝安全监测数据

大坝安全对于保证社会稳定和有序发展至关重要.介绍了一种基于单片机MSC1210的多功能数据采集模块,该模块为一个分布式大坝安全监测自动化系统的核心部件.该系统主要由监测传感器,数据采集模块及监控主机三部分组成.数据采集模块完成对所连接的各类监测传感输出信号的采集,处理和存储,并实现与监控主机的通信,可检测电压,电流,频率,阻抗等形式的信号,其与监控主机的通信采用RS-485和GPRS无线传输互为备用的方式.重点研究了数据采集模块的工作原理、硬件构成及抗干扰措施。本系统应用了测量及通信技术的最新成果，在准确度、可靠性、扩展性、简易性等方面都有很大的提高。     

装载机散热器模块进出口位置匹配试验

为提高车辆冷却系统中多散热器模块匹配的性能，对某装载机散热器模块在风洞测试平台上进行试验研究。试验散热器模块第1排是中冷器和液压油冷却器，第2排为水箱，第3排是变矩器油冷器。在风洞上对模块原型和在原型基础上互换变矩器油冷器进出油口位置的变型进行对比试验。试验结果表明，调整进出油口位置，能提高总的散热量，且对模块中单个散热器的性能影响更大。在设计中可以合理布置散热器进出油口位置，使得模块性能更加优异。     

X195柴油机优化调整节能技术的研究

动力性和经济性是柴油机的两个重要指标，广大发动机研究者一直致力于改善这两个指标。特别是在能源短缺的今天，如何提高发动机的动力性和经济性的问题就显得尤为重要。通过大量的台架实验．研究了X195柴油机的3项主要的调整参数(供油提前角、喷油压力、气门间隙)对其动力性和经济性的影响，分析了其影响因素，分别找出了最佳的调整范围。     

保安湖乌鳢渔获群体结构及生长特性

依据１９９２年和１９９３年４－５月收集的标本，分析保安湖乌鳢渔获体系结构和生长特征。年龄由Ⅰ－Ⅶ龄构成，Ⅰ－Ⅺ龄分别占渔获总尾数的１２．３７％，２４．７４％、４１．２４％和１７．５３％。Ⅴ－Ⅶ龄极少公占４．１２％。优势体长为３１－４２ｃｍ；优势体重为３５０－９５０ｇ。体长与体重关系为Ｗ＝０．００７９９１Ｌ＾３．１６０２。ＶｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｔｙ生长方程为Ｌｔ＝７７．３（１－ｅ＾－０．１９８８     

Contribution of sewage sludge to erosion control in the rehabilitation of limestone quarries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high doses of municipal sludge on soil aggregation and to assess its value for soil erosion reduction, both under natural and in simulated rainfall conditions. Doses of 200 and 400 Mg ha⁻¹ sewage sludge (dry weight) were applied to the soil of experimental plots situated on a 28 degree slope. Two sludge application procedures were tested: pre-mixing into the soil before disposal on the slope, and direct application on the soil surface. Sheet erosion was measured by collecting the sediment carried down to a Gerlach trough situated at the base of the plots. Simulated rainfall, with an intensity of 64 mm h⁻¹, was applied to evaluate soil erodibility. When the soil had no vegetation, the erosion measured on plots treated with sludge represented less than 10 per cent of the erosion from the control plot. Even when the vegetation was well developed, the erosion was also lower in the plots where sludge had been applied. In simulated rainfall, the soil loss was inversely proportional to the sludge dose, and when sludge was applied directly on the soil surface the erosion rates and particle mobilization caused by raindrop impact were minimal. Sludge amendments increase infiltration rates and improve soil structure, increasing the mean weight diameter of aggregates and their water resistance.     

上海地区野鸟中伯氏疏螺旋体和西尼罗病毒感染的血清学调查

于2005年从飞抵上海的12种候鸟和4种留鸟中采集208份血清样品,采用酶联荧光测定(ELFA)法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),分别对伯氏疏螺旋体和西尼罗病毒的感染状况进行了血清抗体调查,结果受检野鸟样品的检测结果均为阴性。     

上海地区多种动物戊型肝炎血清学调查

在上海地区收集血液样品(猪、牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽、犬和部分珍禽等)964份,应用双抗原夹心酶联免疫法(DS-ELISA)检测抗HEV抗体。结果表明,猪抗HEV抗体的阳性率为72.18%(301/417),其中母猪阳性率最高,为82.53%(222/269),育成猪阳性率为52.54%(62/118),保育猪阳性率为50.00%(15/30);22个猪场均检测到抗HEV抗体阳性猪,阳性率高于60%的猪场有16个,占阳性猪场的72.72%。在牛、山羊、马、鸡、鸭、鸽等血清中也检测到了抗HEV抗体,阳性率分别为6.00%,24.00%,16.00%,1.90%,12.77%和4.44%,明显低于猪群的阳性率。在宠物犬中检测到了抗体阳性犬,阳性率为17.82%(18/101),说明犬对HEV易感。珍禽中野鸭、火烈鸟对HEV也有一定的敏感性,阳性率分别为6.60%(1/15)和10%(1/10),在孔雀和鸵鸟的血清标本中未检测到HEV抗体。猪群中戊型肝炎病毒存在较普遍,其他与人类密切相关的多种动物也对HEV敏感。     

A Novel Gelatinase from Marine Flocculibacter collagenilyticus SM1988: Characterization and Potential Application in Collagen Oligopeptide-Rich Hydrolysate Preparation

Although the S8 family in the MEROPS database contains many peptidases, only a few S8 peptidases have been applied in the preparation of bioactive oligopeptides. Bovine bone collagen is a good source for preparing collagen oligopeptides, but has been so far rarely applied in collagen peptide preparation. Here, we characterized a novel S8 gelatinase, Aa2_1884, from marine bacterium Flocculibacter collagenilyticus SM1988^T, and evaluated its potential application in the preparation of collagen oligopeptides from bovine bone collagen. Aa2_1884 is a multimodular S8 peptidase with a distinct domain architecture from other reported peptidases. The recombinant Aa2_1884 over-expressed in Escherichia coli showed high activity toward gelatin and denatured collagens, but no activity toward natural collagens, indicating that Aa2_1884 is a gelatinase. To evaluate the potential of Aa2_1884 in the preparation of collagen oligopeptides from bovine bone collagen, three enzymatic hydrolysis parameters, hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time and enzyme-substrate ratio (E/S), were optimized by single factor experiments, and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were determined to be reaction at 60 ℃ for 3 h with an E/S of 400 U/g. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis efficiency of bovine bone collagen by Aa2_1884 reached 95.3%. The resultant hydrolysate contained 97.8% peptides, in which peptides with a molecular weight lower than 1000 Da and 500 Da accounted for 55.1% and 39.5%, respectively, indicating that the hydrolysate was rich in oligopeptides. These results indicate that Aa2_1884 likely has a promising potential application in the preparation of collagen oligopeptide-rich hydrolysate from bovine bone collagen, which may provide a feasible way for the high-value utilization of bovine bone collagen.